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APPENDIX: A Catalogue of Heroines

[¶1.] This catalogue lists all major and most minor heroines found in ancient sources. The references are not intended to be exhaustive but include the earliest mentions as well as those of particular interest. A few of these entries represent figures who are not strictly speaking heroines, but rather naiads, nymphs, or minor divinities who have entered heroic genealogies or who share a name with one or more heroines. I have also noted heroine-names used as divine epithets. All of these items are marked with an asterisk. I have included a few bibliographic references for some heroines who receive little treatment in the text. In general, however, see the index for further discussion and bibliography.

[¶2.] ABIA nurse of Herakles' son Glenos. Because she founded a temple to Herakles, the city of Abia in Messenia was named in her honor (Paus. 4.30.1).

[¶3.] ABROTE. See Habrote.

[¶4.] ACHAIIA the first of the Hyperborean Maidens, according to Olen the Lycian (Paus. 5.7.8), but see Opis.

[¶5.] ADIANTE daughter of Danaos and Herse, marries Daiphron (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶6.] ADITE daughter of Danaos and Pieria, marries Menalkes (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶7.] ADMETE

[¶8.] 1) daughter of Okeanos and Tethys (Hes. Theog. 349), a companion of Kore (Hom. Hymn 2.421).

[¶9.] 2) daughter of Amphidamas, wife of Eurystheus, mother of Admete (3) on marble relief in the Villa Albani, Rome (LIMC s.v. "Admete" 1). But see Antimache.

[¶10.] 3) daughter of Eurystheus, priestess of Hera and cult founder, she has a role in the foundation myth of the Tonaia, a festival on Samos (Athen. 15.672). For the festival see Paus. 7.4.4; 8.23.5.

[¶11.] ADRASTE servant of Helen (Od. 4.123 with schol.).

[¶12.] ADRASTINE. See Aigiale(ia).

[¶13.] AEDON daughter of Pandareos and Harmothoe of Miletos, wife of Zethos, mother of Itylos (Itys). She accidentally kills him instead of the son of her rival Niobe and is transformed into a nightingale (Od. 19.518 with schol.). In the Attic version, she is the daughter of Pandion, wife of Tereus, whose rape of her sister Philomele the women avenge with the murder of her son. In another version her husband is Polytechnos, and their marital strife is the result of her boast of a happier marital life than Hera and Zeus (Ant. Lib. 11 after Boios). See Philomele, Prokne.

[¶14.] AEROPE(ia)

[¶15.] 1) (Crete) daughter of Katreus, sister of Klymene, Apemosyne, and Althaimenes, mother of Agamemnon and Menelaos by Pleisthenes (Hes. Cat. 195.3; Apollod. 3.2.2), or Atreus (Eur. Or. 18, 1009; Helen 390; schol. A. Iliad 1.7), whom she betrays to his brother Thyestes (Apollod. Ep. 2.10ff.). She is caught in bed with a slave, and her father gives her to Nauplios to throw into the sea, but he instead marries her to Atreus or Pleisthenes, or the drowning is punishment for adultery with Thyestes (Soph. Aias 1297 with scholia citing Eur. Kressai).

[¶16.] 2) daughter of Kepheus, bears Aeropos to Ares and dies in childbirth (Paus. 8.44.6-8).

[¶17.] AGAMEDE daughter of Augeias, wife of Mulios, expert in herbs (Iliad 11.739-41). Mother of Belos, Diktys, and Aktor by Poseidon (Hyg. Fab. 157). The witch Perimede in Theocritus 2.16 and Propertius 2.4.8 appears to be inspired by her.

[¶18.] AGANIPPE

[¶19.] 1) See Eurydike (6).

[¶20.] 2) *spring on Helicon, daughter of the Termessus (Paus. 9.29.5).

[¶21.] AGAVE

[¶22.] 1) daughter of Danaos and Europe (4), wife of Lykos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶23.] 2) (Thebes) daughter of Kadmos and Harmonia, sister of Semele, Ino, Autonoe, and Polydoros (Hes. Theog. 976). She appears as wife of Echion and mother of Pentheus in Aeschylus' fragmentary Pentheus, as well as in the Bacchae of Euripides. Dionysos punishes her with madness when she refuses to accept his divinity. In her delusion she kills her son and is exiled for the crime.

[¶24.] 3) *Nereid (Iliad 18.42; Hes. Theog. 247).

[¶25.] 4) Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163).

[¶26.] AGLAIA

[¶27.] 1) *one of the Graces, married to Hephaistos (Hes. Theog. 945).

[¶28.] 2) daughter of Mantineus, wife of Abas, mother of Akrisios and Proitos (Apollod. 2.2.1).

[¶29.] 3) wife of Amythaon, mother of Bias and Melampous (Diod. 4.68.3), but see Eidomene.

[¶30.] 4) wife of Charopos, mother of Nireus of Syme (Iliad 2.671; Diod. 5.53.2).

[¶31.] 5) daughter of Thespios, mother of Antiades by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶32.] AGLAONIKE daughter of Hegetor, uses skill in astronomy to appear to be a witch (Plut. Praec. coniug. 48, 145c; De def. orac. 13, 417a), daughter of Hegemon (schol. AR. 4.59).

[¶33.] AGLAUROS or AGRAULOS

[¶34.] 1) daughter of Aktaios; first king of Attika; wife of Kekrops; mother of Erysichthon, Aglauros (2), Herse, Pandrosos (Eur. Ion 496).

[¶35.] 2) daughter of Kekrops and Aglauros (1), sister of Herse and Pandrosos. She disobeys Athena's command not to look in the basket containing the baby Erichthonios, sees a snake, and in terror leaps off the Akropolis with sister Herse (Eur. Ion 21ff.; Apollod. 3.14.6; Hyg. Fab. 166). Her temenos: Paus. 1.18.2. Mother of Alkippe (2), who is said to be the daughter of Ares (Paus. 1.21.4); mother of Keryx. She sacrifices herself for the city (Demosth. 19.303 with schol.), sanctuary on the Akropolis (Hdt. 8.53), called upon in oath of ephebes (Plut. Alcib. 15.4), eponym of the deme Agryle. See Herse, Pandrosos.

[¶36.] 3) *epithet of Athena (Suda s.v. Aglauros).

[¶37.] AGRIOPE. See Eurydike (1).

[¶38.] AIGIALE(ia) daughter of Adrastos, wife of Diomedes, also called Adrastine (Iliad 5.412-15). Her mother is Amphithea (Apollod. 1.9.13). Her infidelity to Diomedes (schol. BV. Iliad 5.412; Lycoph. 610) was, according to Mimnermos, Aphrodite's revenge for the wound he inflicted on her (PLG II 33 Bergk = schol. Lycoph. 610).

[¶39.] AIGINA daughter of Asopos and Metope, sister of Thebe (Hdt. 5.80) and Nemea, Harpina, and Korkyra (Paus. 5.22.6). Other sisters include Salamis, Euboia, Sinope, Thespia, and Tanagra, all of them carried off by Olympian gods (Corinna, PMG 654 col. iii-iv, "The Daughters of Asopos"; see also schol. Pindar Ol. 6.144; Apollod. 3.12.6; Diod. 4.72.1). Aigina is the mother of Aiakos by Zeus (Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 176 = Hes. Cat. 205), who came to her as an eagle (Athen. 13.566d) or fire (Ovid Met. 6.113).

[¶40.] AIGLE

[¶41.] 1) Hesperid (Serv. in Verg. Aen. 4.484).

[¶42.] 2) See Koronis (1).

[¶43.] 3) daughter of Panopeios, beloved of Theseus for whom he deserts Ariadne (Hes. frg. 298; Plut. Thes. 20; Athen. 13.556f.).

[¶44.] AIGLEIS. See Lytaia.

[¶45.] AINARETE daughter of Deimachos, wife of Aiolos (Hes. Cat. 10a restored). Also spelled Enarete (Apollod. 1.7.3). Known by other names; see Amphithea (2).

[¶46.] AISCHREIS daughter of Thespios, mother of Leukones by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶47.] AITHILLA daughter of Laomedon, sister of Priam, Astyoche (4), Medesikaste (2). She has a role in the foundation of Skione (Conon Narr. 13; Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 921).

[¶48.] AITHOUSA

[¶49.] 1) (Boiotia) daughter of Poseidon, mother of Eleuther by Apollo (Paus. 9.20.1).

[¶50.] 2) See Thousa (2).

[¶51.] AITHRA

[¶52.] 1) daughter of Pittheus, wife of Aigeus, mother of Theseus by Aigeus or Poseidon (Plut. Thes. 6), who rapes her while she was carrying out a sacrifice to Athena which the goddess had commanded in a dream. Because of this she founds the sanctuary of Athena Apatouria (Deceiver) in Troizen (Paus. 2.33.1). Bellerophon also tries unsuccessfully to marry her (Paus. 2.31.9). As a companion of Helen, she is captured by the Dioskouroi (Apollod. 3.10.7-8), later taken to Troy (Iliad 3.144; Plut. Thes. 34), and finally rescued by her grandsons Akamas and Demophon (Apollod. Ep. 5.22).

[¶53.] 2) wife of Phalanthos, founder of Tarentum (Paus. 10.10.7-8).

[¶54.] AKAKALLIS

[¶55.] 1) (Arcadia) daughter of Minos; mother, by Hermes, of Kydon founder of Kydonia (Paus. 8.53.4).

[¶56.] 2) (Crete) *nymph, bears sons to Apollo (Paus. 10.16.5).

[¶57.] AKIDOUSA (Boiotia) wife of Skamandros, eponym of spring, mother of three daughters honored as the "Maidens" (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 41, 301b).

[¶58.] AKRAIA

[¶59.] 1) (Argolid) daughter of Asterion. With her sisters Euboia and Prosymna, she nurses Hera, gives her name to a hill opposite the sanctuary of Argive Hera (Paus. 2.17.1).

[¶60.] 2) *epithet of Aphrodite, Artemis, Athena, Hera (Hesych. s.v. Akrea, Akria).

[¶61.] AKTAIA daughter of Danaos and Pieria, marries Periphas (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶62.] ALALKOMENIA (Boiotia) daughter of Ogygus, eponym of Alalkomenai, honored with her sisters as the Praxidikai (Paus. 9.33.5), connected with Athena's epithet Alalkomeneis.

[¶63.] ALEXANDRA. See Kassandra.

[¶64.] ALEXIDA daughter of Amphiaraos. Her descendants have power to avert epileptic attacks (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 23, 296f.).

[¶65.] ALKAIA. See Chlidanope.

[¶66.] ALKANDRE wife of Polybos of Thebes in Egypt, gives Helen a silver basket (Od. 4.126).

[¶67.] ALKATHOE daughter of Minyas, sister of Leukippe and Arsinoe (2) (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 38, 299e) or Arsippe (Ant. Lib.10 after Nicander and Corinna).

[¶68.] ALKESTIS daughter of Pelias, wife of Admetos (Iliad 2.714; Hes. Cat. 37), her mother is Anaxibia (3) or Phylomache (Apollod. 1.9.10). She dies in place of her husband and is rescued by Herakles (Eur. Alk.; Apollod. 1.9.15).

[¶69.] ALKIDAMEIA mother of Bounos by Hermes (Paus. 2.3.10).

[¶70.] ALKIDIKE daughter of Aleus, wife of Salmoneus, mother of Tyro (Apollod. 1.9.8; Diod. 4.68.2).

[¶71.] ALKIMEDE mother of Jason, daughter of Klymene (5), granddaughter of Minyas or else the daughter of Phylakos (schol. AR. 1.230-33). Possibly also mother of Hippolyte (5) (schol. AR. 1.287). For other versions see Polymele (1).

[¶72.] ALKIPPE

[¶73.] 1) one of the seven daughters of Alkyoneus, who leap into the sea on the death of their father and are transformed into birds (Eust. 776.35; Suda s.v. Alkuonides emerai).

[¶74.] 2) daughter of Ares and Agraulos, raped by Halirrhotios, a son of Apollo (Apollod. 3.14.2; Paus. 1.21.4), for which Ares kills Halirrhotios (Eur. El. 1258-63).

[¶75.] 3) servant of Helen (Od. 4.124).

[¶76.] 4) *Titan, daughter of Krios and Eurybie, sister of Astraios, Pallas, and Perses (Hes. Theog. 375).

[¶77.] 5) daughter of Oinomaus, wife of Euenos, mother of Marpessa (Plut. Parall. 40, 315e). Possible confusion with Alkippe (2) since in Plutarch, Euenos is the son of Ares.

[¶78.] ALKIS. See Androkleia.

[¶79.] ALKMENE daughter of Elektryon and Lysidike (1) (Plut. Thes. 7), wife of Amphitryon, mother of Herakles by A. or Zeus (Iliad 14.323-24; Od. 11.266), who comes to her in the likeness of her husband (Pindar Nem. 10.15f.). In some versions she bears two sons, Herakles and Iphikles, conceived by two fathers in a single night (Pindar Pyth. 9.84ff.; Shield 48ff.). She is also the mother of Laonome (2). She is married posthumously to Rhadamanthys. She has a heroon in Thebes and a tomb in Megara (Paus. 1.41.1). The Thebans, however, say she has no tomb but was turned into a stone upon her death (Paus. 9.16.7). She has cults in Boiotia, Attica, Megara (Plut. De gen. Soc. 577e), an altar in Athens (Paus. 1.19.3). Animal sacrifices to her are specified on the calendar of Thorikos in Attica (SEG 26.136.37). According to Asios, she is the daughter of Amphiaraos and Eriphyle (Paus. 5.17.7). Elsewhere her mother is Anaxo (2) (Apollod. 2.4.5) or Eurydike (11) (Diod. 4.9.1).

[¶80.] ALKYONE

[¶81.] 1) (Boiotia or Argolid) one of the Pleiades, the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione (Hes. Cat. 169). With her sister Taygete, depicted on the throne at Amyklai, being carried off by Poseidon and Zeus (Paus. 3.18.10). Mother of Hyperes and Anthas, Boiotian kings, by Poseidon (Paus. 2.30.8). See Pleione.

[¶82.] 2) daughter of Aiolos and Ainarete, wife of Keyx, the whole family changed to birds because of their hybris (Hes. Cat. 10a; Apollod. 1.7.4). Fragments survive of a Wedding of Keyx, which was ascribed in antiquity to Hesiod (Hes. frgs. 263-69).

[¶83.] 3) daughter of Sthenelos and Nikippe (1), sister of Medousa (2) and Eurystheus (Apollod. 2.4.5).

[¶84.] 4) See Kleopatra (2).

[¶85.] 5) (Corinth) daughter of Agemon, wife of Anthedon (Athen. 7.296b; 15.696f.).

[¶86.] ALOPE (Eleusis) daughter of Kerkyon, mother by Poseidon of Hippothoun. Tomb mentioned by Pausanias (1.39.3).

[¶87.] ALPHESIBOIA

[¶88.] 1) See Arsinoe (3).

[¶89.] 2) wife of Phoinix, mother of Adonis (Hes. Cat. 139 = Apollod. 3.14.4).

[¶90.] ALTHAIA daughter of Thestios and Eurythemis(te), sister of Leda and Hypermestra, and in some traditions also Melanippe (3), wife of Oineus of Kalydon, mother of Meleager, Deianeira, Ankaios. Deianeira was said to be the daughter of Dionysos (Hyg. Fab. 129; Apollod. 1.8.1), and Meleager, the son of Ares (Apollod. 1.8.1). When her brothers are accidently killed by her son, in her anger she curses him or burns the firebrand to which his survival is linked (Iliad 9.529; Hes. Cat. 25; Bacchyl. 5.142; Aesch. Choe. 602ff.; Apollod. 1.8.2). She commits suicide (Apollod. 1.8.3).

[¶91.] AMPHINOME

[¶92.] 1) *Nereid (Iliad 18.44).

[¶93.] 2) See Polymele (1).

[¶94.] 3) daughter of Pelias, married to Andraimon (Diod. 4.53.2).

[¶95.] AMPHISSA daughter of Makar, beloved of Apollo, eponym of Amphissa in Ozolian Lokris, tomb (Paus. 10.38.4-5).

[¶96.] AMPHITHEA

[¶97.] 1) wife of Autolykos, mother of Antikleia (Od. 11.85, 19.416).

[¶98.] 2) wife of Aiolos, mother of incestuous pair Makareus and Kanake (Eur. Aiolos frg. 14-42 Nauck). Elsewhere called Ainarete, etc.

[¶99.] 3) wife of Lykourgos, mother of Archemoros who becomes the hero Opheltes. See Eurydike (7).

[¶100.] 4) daughter of Pronax, sister of Lykourgos, wife of Adrastos, mother of Argeia, Deipyle, Aigialeia, Aigialeus, and Kyanippos (Apollod. 1.9.13; Athen. 12.528d). Perhaps confused with or same as (3).

[¶101.] AMYMONE daughter of Danaos, eponym of spring and river (Paus. 2.37.1), mother of Nauplios by Poseidon (Paus. 2.38.2). Her mother is Europe (4); she marries Enkelados (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶102.] ANAXANDRA. See Lathria.

[¶103.] ANAXIBIA

[¶104.] 1) sister of Agamemnon and Menelaos, mother of Pylades by Strophios (Paus. 2.29.4), but see Astyoche(ia) (3).

[¶105.] 2) daughter of Kratieus, wife of Nestor (Hes. Cat. 35.14, restored), mother of Peisidike (2), Polykaste (2), and six sons (Apollod. 1.9.9) or she is the daughter of Bias, wife of Pelias (Hes. frg. 37.19, restored), mother of Akastos, Peisidike, Pelopeia (1), Hippothoe, and Alkestis (Apollod. 1.9.10). But see Phylomache.

[¶106.] 3) daughter of Danaos, marries Archelaus (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶107.] ANAXIROE (Elis) daughter of Koronos, wife of Epeios, mother of Hyrmina (Paus. 5.1.5).

[¶108.] ANAXO

[¶109.] 1) Troizenian heroine carried off by Theseus (Athen. 13.557b), listed among his wives by Plutarch (Thes. 29).

[¶110.] 2) daughter of Alkaios, brother of Amphitryon, wife of Elektryon, mother of Alkmene and nine sons. Her mother is Laonome, Hipponome, Astydameia, or Lysidike (Apollod. 2.4.5). See Alkmene, Eurydike (11).

[¶111.] ANCHINOE daughter of Neilos (Nile), wife of Belos, mother of Danaos and Aigyptos (Apollod. 2.1.4).

[¶112.] ANDANIA eponym of the city by this name (Paus. 4.33.6).

[¶113.] ANDROKLEIA (Boiotia) daughter of Antipoinos; together with sister Alkis, sacrifices herself for Thebes (Paus. 9.17.1).

[¶114.] ANDROMACHE daughter Hetion, wife of Hector, mother of Astyanax (Iliad passim). Sappho describes her wedding to Hector (frg. 44 Lobel-Page). She is later the wife of Neoptolemos (Pyrrhos) by whom she has Molossos, Pielos, and Pergamos. Later she marries Helenos, with whom she founds Buthroton, and by whom she is the mother of Kestrinos. She has a heroon in Pergamon (Paus. 1.11.1-2).

[¶115.] ANDROMEDA daughter of Kepheus and Kassiepeia (Hes. Cat. 135). Because her mother angers the Nereids by boasting of her own beauty, she is condemned to be sacrificed to a sea monster. Perseus rescues her and by him she is the mother of Perses, Alkaios, Sthenelos, Heleios, Mestor, Elektryon, Gorgophone (Apollod. 2.4.3-5; Hyg. Fab. 64). Perses was considered to be the ancestor of the Persians (Hdt. 7.61; 150).

[¶116.] ANTEIA. See Stheneboia.

[¶117.] ANTHEIA daughter of Thespios, mother of a son by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶118.] ANTHEIS. See Lytaia.

[¶119.] ANTHELIA daughter of Danaos and the naiad Polyxo, marries Kisseus (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶120.] ANTHIPPE daughter of Thespios, mother of Hippodromos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶121.] ANTIANEIRA. See Laothoe (6).

[¶122.] ANTIBIA. See Nikippe (1).

[¶123.] ANTIGONE

[¶124.] 1) daughter of Eurytion of Phthia, first wife of Peleus, mother of Polydora (3), hangs herself because of machinations of her rival Astydameia (Apollod. 3.13.1ff.). Pindar (Nem. 4.57) calls her Hippolyte.

[¶125.] 2) daughter of Oidipous; in earlier versions, her mother is Eurygane(ia) (Pherec. in schol. Eur. Phoin. 53), later Iokaste. Sophocles' play is the first extant account of her death for burying her brother. In other versions she does not die but marries Haimon and bears a son, Maion (cf. Iliad 4.394 where she is not named). The place where she buries Polyneikes is known as the "dragging" (surma) of Antigone (Paus. 9.25.2).

[¶126.] 3) daughter of Laomedon, sister of Priam, dared to compete with Hera and was changed to a stork (Ovid Met. 6.93-95).

[¶127.] 4) daughter of Pheres of Thessaly, mother of the Argonaut Asterion (Hyg. Fab. 14).

[¶128.] 5) mother of Tlepolemos by Phylas, according to some, but Homer makes him the son of Herakles and Astyocheia, and Pindar has Astydameia as his mother (Iliad 2.658; schol. Pindar Ol. 7.42). See Astyocheia (1), Astydameia (1).

[¶129.] ANTIKLEIA

[¶130.] 1) daughter of Autolykos, wife of Laertes, mother of Odysseus and Ktimene (Od. 11.85).

[¶131.] 2) daughter of Diokles, wife of Machaon, mother of Nicomachus and Gorgasos, healers (Paus. 4.30.2).

[¶132.] 3) mother of Periphates by Hephaistos (Apollod. 3.16.1).

[¶133.] 4) See Philonoe.

[¶134.] ANTIMACHE daughter of Amphidamas, sister of Melanion, wife of Eurystheus (Apollod. 3.9.2). But see Admete (2).

[¶135.] ANTINOE

[¶136.] 1) (Arcadia) daughter of Kepheus, founder of new Ptolis (Paus. 8.8.4), her tomb at Mantineia (Paus. 8.9.5).

[¶137.] 2) (Arcadia) daughter of Pelias, according to the painter Mikon. She has a tomb in Arcadia, together with her sister Asteropeia (Paus. 8.11.3).

[¶138.] ANTIOCHE Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163).

[¶139.] ANTIOPE

[¶140.] 1) (Boiotia) daughter of Asopos, mother of Amphion and Zethus by Zeus (Od. 11.260ff.) or daughter of Nykteus and Polyxo (2) (Apollod. 3.10.1), wife of Epopeus who is killed by her brother. She is held as a slave by Lykos and Dirke until her sons return to release her. She is driven mad by Dionysos and then healed by Phokos, who marries her. Their grave in Tithorea (Paus. 9.17.4; 10.32.10). Euripides' Antiope survives in fragments (Page [1970] 60-71; frgs. 179-227 Nauck).

[¶141.] 2) Amazon, daughter of Ares and Otrere, sister of Hippolyte, mother of Hippolytos by Theseus. Sometimes called Hippolyte, Glauke, or Melanippe. Her monument in Athens (Paus. 2.1.1). See Glauke (3), Hippolyte (1), Melanippe (2).

[¶142.] 3) daughter of Thespios, mother of Alopios by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶143.] APEMOSYNE daughter of Katreus of Crete, sister of Aerope, Klymene, and Althaimenes. She is raped by Hermes and killed by her brother as a result (Apollod. 3.2.1-2).

[¶144.] ARACHNE (Colophon) daughter of Idmon. Antagonist of Athena, who turns her into a spider (Ovid Met. 6.5-145). See Weinberg (1956); LIMC s.v. "Arachne."

[¶145.] ARAITHYREA (Corinth) daughter of Aras, sister of Aoris. She and her brother were known as hunters and warriors. She is the eponym of Araithyrea (the place-name is mentioned at Iliad 2.571). Mother of Phlias by Dionysos (Paus. 2.12.6). The Phliasians look toward their graves and call on Aras and his children at the libations before the mysteries of Demeter (Paus. 2.12.5).

[¶146.] ARCHIPPE. See Nikippe (1).

[¶147.] ARENE daughter of Oibalos and Gorgophone, sister of Tyndareos and Ikaros, wife and half-sister of Aphareus, mother of Idas, Lynkeus, and Peisos (Apollod. 3.10.3; Paus. 4.2.4). She and her husband and children are initiated into the rites of the Great Goddesses (Paus. 4.2.4-6); she is the eponym of a Messenian city and a spring (Paus. 5.5.6). Called Laokousa by Peisandros (FGrH 1.16, frg. 2). Theocritus (22.206) says that the mother of Idas and Lynkeus is Polydora.

[¶148.] ARETE daughter of Rhexenor, wife of Alkinous (Od. 7.66ff.), also his sister (Hes. Cat. 222; schol. Od. 7.54), mother of Nausikaa.

[¶149.] ARGE. See Hyperborean Maidens.

[¶150.] ARGEIA

[¶151.] 1) daughter of Okeanos, sister and wife of Inachos, mother of Phoroneus and Io (Hyg. Fab. 143, 145).

[¶152.] 2) daughter of Adrastos and Amphithea, sister of Deipyle and Aigialeia (Apollod. 1.9.13), wife of Polyneikes (schol. T. Iliad 23.679 = Hes. Cat. 192; schol. A. Iliad 4.376; Apollod. 3.6.1).

[¶153.] 3) daughter of Autesion, wife of Aristodemos, mother of Prokles and Eurysthenes (Apollod. 2.8.2; Hdt. 6.52).

[¶154.] ARGELE daughter of Thespios, mother of Kleolaos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶155.] ARGIOPE

[¶156.] 1) *nymph, mother of Thamyris by Philammon (Apollod. 1.3.3; Paus. 4.33.3).

[¶157.] 2) See Eurydike (1).

[¶158.] 3) daughter of Teuthras, wife of Telephos (Diod. 4.33.12).

[¶159.] 4) daughter of Neilos, wife of Agenor, mother of Kadmos (Pherec. FGrH 3 F 21; Hyg. Fab. 6).

[¶160.] ARGYPHIA mother of Lynkeus and Protius by Aigyptos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶161.] ARIADNE daughter of Minos and Pasiphae, sister of Phaidra (Od. 11.321). She aids Theseus in fight against the Minotaur (schol. AB. Iliad 18.590; Apollod. Ep. 1.9; Hyg. Fab. 42) and is carried off by him (depicted on the Fran;accois Vase, Flor. Mus. Arch. 4209, Kleitias, c. 570). In some versions she is already married to Dionysos. Either she is killed by Artemis on his orders (Od. 11.324-25) or abandoned by Theseus for another woman (Plut. Thes. 29) and rescued by Dionysos. The Athenian hero Keramos is said to be their son (Paus. 1.3.1) as is Oinopion (schol. Arat. Phaen. 640), and sometimes Demophon, but see Phaidra, Iope. Beloved of Glaukos, who lay with her after Theseus' desertion (Athen. 7.296bc). In some versions she is deified, but Argos claims to have her tomb (Paus. 2.23.8). Role in cult of Aphrodite (Paus. 9.40.4), her own cult first hinted at in Iliad 18.591; more clearly in Plut. Thes. 20. Her chorus on the shield of Achilles (Iliad 18.590).

[¶162.] ARISTAICHME daughter of Hyllos and perhaps Iole, sister of Euaichme (Hes. frg. 251a).

[¶163.] ARISTODEME daughter of Priam (Apollod. 3.12.5).

[¶164.] ARISTOMACHE daughter of Priam, wife of Kritolaos (Stesich. frg. 208 PMG = Paus. 10.26.1); painted by Polygnotos (Paus. 10.26.1).

[¶165.] ARKADIA wife of Nyktimos; see Phylonome.

[¶166.] ARNE

[¶167.] 1) (Boiotia) daughter of Aiolos, eponym of the city Arne, which was later called Chaironeia (Paus. 9.40.5).

[¶168.] 2) See Melanippe (1).

[¶169.] ARSINOE

[¶170.] 1) (Messenia) daughter of Leukippos, sister of Hilaira and Phoibe, who were stolen by Dioskouroi. The mother of Asklepios by Apollo, she is the eponym of a spring in Messene (Paus. 4.31.6) and has a sanctuary (hieron) in Sparta (Paus. 3.12.8). The mother of Asklepios is called Koronis in the Thessalian version of myth (Paus. 2.26.7). See Koronis (1).

[¶171.] 2) one of Minyades, sister of Leukippe and Alkathoe (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 38.299e).

[¶172.] 3) daughter of Phegeus, cast-off wife of Alkmaion (Apollod. 3.7.5) also called Alphesiboia (Paus. 8.24.8).

[¶173.] 4) Orestes' nurse (Pindar Pyth. 11.17). See Laodameia (4).

[¶174.] 5) young woman who scorns the love of Arkeophon, thus arousing the anger of Aphrodite, who turns her to stone (Ant. Lib. 39 after Hermesianax).

[¶175.] ARSIPPE. See Alkathoe.

[¶176.] ASIA wife of Prometheus, perhaps the eponym of the continent (Hdt. 4.45).

[¶177.] ASOPIS daughter of Thespios, mother of Mentor by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶178.] ASPALIS (Phthia) daughter of Argaios and Melite, hangs herself to escape a tyrant, whom her brother Astygites, dressed in her clothes, then kills. Her body disappears, a statue next to that of Artemis is called Aspalis Ameilete Hekaerge. Origin of the Aiora (Ant. Lib. 13 after Nikandros), which is usually associated with Erigone (1).

[¶179.] ASTERIA

[¶180.] 1) daughter of Danaos, marries Chaitos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶181.] 2) mother of Herakles by Zeus, according to Eudoxos of Knidos (Athen. 9.392d).

[¶182.] ASTERODEIA (Elis) daughter of Deion (Hes. Cat. 58) and Diomede (Apollod. 1.9.4), wife of Endymion, elsewhere his wife is Hyperippe, daughter of Arkas, or Chromia, daughter of Itonos (Paus. 5.1.4).

[¶183.] ASTERODIA. See Periboia (1).

[¶184.] ASTEROPE

[¶185.] 1) daughter of Atlas and Pleione (Hes. Cat. 169).

[¶186.] 2) *Nymph, daughter of Kebren, sister of Oinone, wife of Aisakos (Apollod. 3.12.5, 3.12.6).

[¶187.] ASTEROPEIA. See Antinoe (2).

[¶188.] ASTYDAMEIA

[¶189.] 1) daughter of Amyntor (Pindar Ol. 7.42 and schol.), mother by Herakles of Tlepolemos (Pindar Ol. 7.23ff.) or Ktesippos (Apollod. 2.7.8). In Iliad 2.658, Tlepolemos' mother is Astyoche(ia) (1). In other authors, daughter of Phylas or Ormenos (Hes. Cat. 232). Also called Astygeneia. See also Antigone (5).

[¶190.] 2) wife of Akastos, rival of Antigone (1) (Apollod. 3.13.3).

[¶191.] 3) daughter of Pelops and Hippodameia, sister of Lysidike (1) and Nikippe (1) (Hes. Cat. 190), also Pittheus and Thyestes. Wife of Alkaios, mother of Amphitryon and Anaxo (Apollod. 2.4.5).

[¶192.] 4) See Hippolyte (4). But see Hipponome, Laonome (1), Lysidike (1) for other versions.

[¶193.] 5) daughter of Phorbas, mother of Kaukon by Poseidon (Zenodotos in Athen. 10.412a).

[¶194.] ASTYGENEIA. See Astyoche(ia) (1).

[¶195.] ASTYKRATEIA

[¶196.] 1) sister of Manto (1), daughter of Polyidos. Her tomb in Megara by entrance to the sanctuary of Dionysos (Paus. 1.43.5).

[¶197.] 2) daughter of Amphion and Niobe (Apollod. 3.5.6).

[¶198.] ASTYMEDOUSA daughter of Sthenelos and Nikippe (1), third wife of Oidipous after Iokaste. She accuses his sons of sexual misconduct, which provokes his curse on them (schol. A. Iliad 4.376; schol. Eur. Phoin. 53 = Pherec. FGrH 3 F 95). Also called Medousa (Apollod. 2.4.5).

[¶199.] ASTYNOME. See Chryseis.

[¶200.] ASTYOCHE(ia)

[¶201.] 1) daughter of Phylas, mother of Tlepolemos by Herakles (Iliad 2.658; Apollod. 2.7.6,8). Also called Astydameia (1), Astygeneia. Her father is also said to be Amyntor or Ormenos (schol. Pindar Ol. 7.42). See also Antigone (5).

[¶202.] 2) daughter of Aktor, mother of Askalaphos and Ialmenos by Ares (Iliad 2.513; Paus. 9.37.7).

[¶203.] 3) daughter of Atreus (or Pleisthenes) and Aerope, sister of Agamemnon and Menelaos, wife of Strophios, mother of Pylades (Hyg. Fab. 117), but see Anaxibia (1).

[¶204.] 4) daughter of Laomedon, wife of Telephos, mother of Eurypylos, sister of Aithilla, Priam, Medesikaste (2) (Apollod. Ep. 6.15c; schol. Lycoph. 921). Priam sent her a golden vine so that she would send her son to defend Troy, where he died (Od. 11.521). Fragments have survived, apparently from Sophocles' Eurypylos, in which she laments her son.

[¶205.] 5) daughter of Amphion and Niobe (Apollod. 3.5.6).

[¶206.] 6) daughter of Simoeis, wife of Erichthonios, mother of Tros (Apollod. 3.12.2; schol. Lycoph. 29).

[¶207.] ATALANTE (Arcadia), daughter of Iasos and Klymene, raised by a bear. Takes part in voyage of Argo, Kalydonian boar-hunt (depicted on temple of Athena Alea at Tegea--Paus. 8.45.6). She kills the centaurs Rhoikos and Hylaios, who tried to rape her (Apollod. 3.9.2), defeats Peleus at wrestling at the funeral games of Pelias (Apollod. 3.9.2; earliest evidence: a fragmentary dinos, Athens Nat. Mus. Akr. 590, c. 570-60). She refuses all suitors, challenging them to a footrace (Theog. 1287-93). She marries Melanion, after he defeats her by distracting her with golden apples. They are turned into lions for defiling temple of Zeus (Apollod. 3.9.2; Callim. Hymn 3.221ff.; Hyg. Fab. 185), depicted on Kypselos chest (Paus. 5.19.2). Elsewhere the offended god is Kybele. She is the mother of Parthenopeus by Melanion or Ares (Apollod. 3.9.2). According to Hesiod, her father is Schoineus, while Euripides calls him Mainalos and her suitor, Hippomenes (Apollod. 3.9.2 = Hes. Cat. 72; schol. T. Iliad 23.683 = Hes. Cat. 74; Hes. Cat. 76). Pausanias mentions a spring in Lakonia made by Atalante (3.24.2), and her dromoi in Arcadia (8.35.10).

[¶208.] ATLANTIDES. See Pleiades, Pleione.

[¶209.] AUGE Tegean heroine, daughter of Aleos and Neaira (3) (Apollod. 3.9.1), wife of Teuthras, beloved of Herakles (Paus. 10.28.8), to whom she bears Telephos (Hes. Cat. 165 restored; Apollod. 2.7.4). Her angry father exposes the child and sends her to Nauplios, to be drowned (Paus. 8.48.7). In Apollodorus' version she is to be sold, but Nauplios gives her to Teuthras, who marries her (2.7.4; 3.9.1). Her tomb at Pergamos (Paus. 8.4.9). She is a priestess of Athena, who also sometimes bears the epithet Auge. The goddess Eileithyia at Tegea is called Auge en gonasi (Paus. 8.48.7).

[¶210.] AUTOLYTE. See Theano (2).

[¶211.] AUTOMATE (Achaia) daughter of Danaos, wife of Busiris (Apollod. 2.1.5). See Skaia.

[¶212.] AUTOMEDOUSA daughter of Alkathous, mother of Iolaos by Iphikles (Apollod. 2.4.2).

[¶213.] AUTONOE

[¶214.] 1) daughter of Danaos and Polyxo, marries Eurylochos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶215.] 2) *Nereid (Apollod. 1.2.7).

[¶216.] 3) daughter of Kadmos and Harmonia; sister of Semele, Ino, Agave, Polydoros; wife of Aristaios; mother of Aktaion (Hes. Theog. 977; Hes. Cat. 217a). Her grave in Megarid (Paus. 1.44.5).

[¶217.] 4) daughter of Pireus, mother of Palaimon by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶218.] 5) attendant of Penelope (Od. 18.182).

[¶219.] AUXESIA with Damia, honored by the Epidaurians by order of the Pythia, their images then stolen by the Aiginetans (Hdt. 5.82-87; Paus. 2.30.4). In Troizen supposed to be maidens who died by stoning, honored with a festival called the Lithobolia (Paus. 2.32.2).

[¶220.] BASILE an Attic heroine, though possibly a misreading for "Iasile." A priestess of Basile seems to be mentioned in an inscription from the Agora (Agora inv. I 4138; SEG 19.78.10). See Basilis (2).

[¶221.] BASILIS

[¶222.] 1) daughter of Laomedon (schol. Neot. Soph. Aias 1302).

[¶223.] 2) *an epithet of various goddesses, also Basile or Basileia.

[¶224.] BATEIA daughter of Teukros, marries Dardanos, mother of Ilos and Erichthonios (Apollod. 3.12.1).

[¶225.] BAUBO wife of Dysaules, mother of Mise. Connected with the cult of Demeter and in particular with ritual obscenity (Orph. frg. 52 Kern; Hesych. s.v., who cites Empedokles). She is mentioned on an inscription from Naxos (SEG 16.478). See Olender (1990). See also Iambe.

[¶226.] BAUKIS (Latin spelling, Baucis) a poor Phrygian woman who, together with her husband Philemon, hosts the gods (Ovid Met. 8.626-724 is the only extant version of this apparently Greek story).

[¶227.] BOLBE mother of Olynthos by Herakles, and eponym of Lake Bolbe (Athen. 8.334e).

[¶228.] BOUDEIA

[¶229.] 1) wife of Klymenos, mother of Erginos, connected with the invention of the plow (schol. Iliad 16.572). Also called Bouzyge, daughter of Lykos (schol. AR. 1.185).

[¶230.] 2) *Thessalian epithet of Athena (Lycoph. 359 with schol.).

[¶231.] BOURA (Achaia) daughter of Ion and Helice, city named for her (Paus. 7.25.8).

[¶232.] BRISEIS captive given to Achilles as booty, taken by Agamemnon. The name means either "of Brisa" on Lesbos, or daughter of Briseus. The A scholia to Iliad 1.392 give her the proper name Hippodameia (4). She is depicted by Polygnotos in the Lesche at Delphi (Paus. 10.25.4).

[¶233.] BRYKE daughter of Danaos and Polyxo, marries Chthonios (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶234.] CASSANDRA. See Kassandra.

[¶235.] CHALKIOPE

[¶236.] 1) daughter of Rhexenor, second wife of Aigeus (Apollod. 3.15.6; Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 494; schol. Eur. Medea 673 gives her father as Chalkodon).

[¶237.] 2) daughter of Aietes of Kolchis and Idyia, sister of Medea, wife of Phrixos (schol. AR. 2.1122). But see Iophossa.

[¶238.] 3) daughter of Eurypylos of Kos, mother of Thettalos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8). Her temple on the island of Kos (Callim. Hymn 4.160-61).

[¶239.] CHALKIS. See Kombe.

[¶240.] CHARIKLO

[¶241.] 1) *Naiad, daughter of Apollo, Okeanos, or Perseus, wife of Cheiron, mother of Endeis (Pind. Pyth. 4.103; schol. Pind. Pyth. 4.181). Elsewhere, Endeis is daughter of Skiron and Chariklo (Plut. Thes. 10.3).

[¶242.] 2) *Nymph, companion of Athena in Boiotia, mother of Teiresias by Eueres (Callim. Hymn 5.57ff.; Apollod. 3.6.7).

[¶243.] CHARILA (or Charilla) a young girl who is humiliated when the king of Delphi refuses her food. She hangs herself and a famine ensues, which ends with the institution of the festival Charila in her honor (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 12.293d-f).

[¶244.] CHIONE

[¶245.] 1) daughter of Boreas and Oreithyia, mother of Eumolpos by Poseidon, throws him into the sea to escape discovery, Poseidon saves him (Paus. 1.38.2).

[¶246.] 2) daughter of Daidalion, bears simultaneously Autolykos, son of Hermes, and Philammon, son of Apollo. Brags of her beauty and is killed by Artemis (Eur. Autolykos frgs. 282-84 Nauck; Hyg. Fab. 200, 201; Ovid Met. 11.291-345). See Leukonoe (1).

[¶247.] CHLIDANOPE wife of Hypseus, mother of Kyrene and Alkaia (Pin. Pyth. 9.13ff. with scholia).

[¶248.] CHLORIS

[¶249.] 1) *a goddess of vegetation (Ovid Fasti 5.195ff.).

[¶250.] 2) daughter of Amphion and Niobe, the only one saved by Artemis because she prayed to Leto. Telesilla calls her Meliboia (cited in Apollod. 3.5.6). Pausanias says that Meliboia was her original name and that she was later called Chloris because she turned pale from fright. The temple to Leto built by her and Amyklas (Paus. 2.21.9). Wife of Neleus, mother of Nestor, Chromios, Periklymenos, and Pero (Od. 11.218, 287; Hes. Cat. 33a restored). A winner of the footrace at the Heraia at Olympia (Paus. 5.16.4). Her friendship with Thyia depicted by Polygnotos (Paus. 10.29.5). Peisandros (FGrH 1.181) says that the mother of Periklymenos is a daughter of Teiresias. See also Polymede (2).

[¶251.] 3) wife of Ampyx, mother of Mopsos (schol. AR. 1.65; Hyg. Fab. 14).

[¶252.] CHOIRA. See Marpessa (2).

[¶253.] CHOREIA maenad, killed by Perseus in battle with Dionysos, buried in Argos (Paus. 2.20.4).

[¶254.] CHROMIA daughter of Itonos, wife of Endymion. See Asterodeia (Paus. 5.1.4).

[¶255.] CHRYSANTHIS tells Demeter of the rape of Kore (Paus. 1.14.2). She is represented on a relief found near Lerna, together with the goddess and her husband (or father?) Mysios and two daughters (IG IV.664). For Mysios as founder of a temple of Demeter, see Paus. 7.27.9.

[¶256.] CHRYSE daughter of Almos, sister of Chrysogeneia, mother of Phlegyas by Ares (Paus. 9.36.1).

[¶257.] CHRYSEIS

[¶258.] 1) "woman from Chryse" or daughter of Chryses (Iliad 1.111, etc.). She is also called Astymone (schol. A. Iliad 1.392). In later tradition she is the mother of Chryses the younger by Agamemnon, although she claims that Apollo is the father (Hyg. Fab. 121).

[¶259.] 2) daughter of Thespios, mother of Onesippos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶260.] CHRYSIPPE daughter of Danaos and Memphis, marries Chrysippos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶261.] CHRYSOGENEIA daughter of Almos, sister of Chryse (Paus. 9.36.1), mother of Chryses by Poseidon (Paus. 9.36.4).

[¶262.] CHRYSORTHE (Aigialea) daughter of Orthopolis, mother of Koronos by Apollo (Paus. 2.5.8).

[¶263.] CHRYSOTHEMIS

[¶264.] 1) mother by Apollo of Parthenos, died and made a star (Hyg. Astr. 2.25). Or mother of Parthenos, Molpadia, and Rhoio by Staphylos (Diod. 5.62.1).

[¶265.] 2) daughter of Agamemnon and Klytemnestra (Iliad 9.145, 287), sister of Laodike, Iphianassa (Homer); Elektra (Soph.); and Iphigeneia (Eur.).

[¶266.] CHTHONIA

[¶267.] 1) daughter of Phoroneus, sister of Klymenos, with whom she founds a temple to Demeter at Hermion. In another version she is the daughter of Kolontas, who refuses to receive the goddess, despite his daughter's disapproval. Demeter punishes him but takes Chthonia to Hermione where she founds a temple. Her name becomes both an epithet of Demeter and the name of a festival in honor of the goddess (Paus. 2.35.4-5).

[¶268.] 2) (Attica) daughter of Erechtheus and Praxithea, sister of Kreousa and Prokris (1) (Eur. Erechtheus frg. 357 Nauck). In other versions she is one of four or six sisters. See Praxithea (1), Oreithyia (2), Pandora (5).

[¶269.] CHTHONOPHYLE daughter of Sikyon, mother of Polybos by Hermes; wife of Phlias, mother of Androdamas (Paus. 2.6.6).

[¶270.] CLYTEMNESTRA. See Klytemnestra.

[¶271.] DAEIRA mother of Immarados by Eumolpos, buried in the Eleusinion under the Akropolis (Clem. Al. Protr. 3.39).

[¶272.] DAMIA. See Auxesia.

[¶273.] DANAE daughter of Akrisios and Eurydike (6) or Aganippe (Hyg. Fab. 63), beloved of Zeus, mother of Perseus (Iliad 14.319-20), despite father's efforts to keep her from bearing a child (Apollod. 2.4.1). Zeus' appearance to her in the form of showers of gold (Soph. Ant. 944ff.). When he discovers she is pregnant, Akrisios has her put to sea. In a poem by Simonides, she speaks to her baby son of the dangers they face from the waves, and prays for rescue (543 PMG = Dio. Hal. Comp. 26). Later she is persecuted by Polydektes, who wishes to marry her, and rescued by her son (Apollod. 2.4.3). Her thalamos at Argos (Paus. 2.23.7).

[¶274.] DANAIDS the fifty daughters of Danaos who, married against their will to their cousins, the fifty sons of Aigyptos, murder their husbands on their wedding night on the orders of their father (Aesch. Suppl.; Apollod. 2.1.5). Only one disobeyed (see Hypermestra). Athena and Hermes purified them, and their father married them to the victors of an athletic contest (Pindar Pyth. 9.112ff.; Apollod. 2.1.5). Their punishment in the Underworld was to carry water in sieves (Plato Rep. 363d; Horace Odes 3.11.25).

[¶275.] DAPHNE

[¶276.] 1) daughter of Ladon and Ge, beloved of Apollo, who turns into a tree to escape his advances (Ovid Met. 1.452-567). Pausanias says that according to the Arcadians and Eleans, she was courted by Leukippos, son of Oinomaos, dressed as a woman. Apollo's jealousy leads to his exposure and death (Paus. 8.20.1-4). She is also equated with Pasiphae, the mistress of an oracle at Thalamai. See Pasiphae (2), Kassandra.

[¶277.] 2) see Manto (1).

[¶278.] DAPHNIS *Nymph, first prophetess at Delphi (Paus. 10.5.5).

[¶279.] DEIANEIRA daughter of Oineus and Althaia, sister of Meleager and Gorge, wife of Herakles (Hes. Cat. 25), or daughter of Althaia and Dionysos (Apollod. 1.8.1). According to Pausanias, her grave in Herakleia at the foot of Mt. Oita, not in Argos (2.23.5). Mother of Makaria (Paus. 1.32.6), Hyllos, Ktesippos, Glenos, and Oneites (Apollod. 2.7.8). According to Apollodorus, she drove a chariot and went to war (1.8.1). In another version, she is the daughter of Dexamenes, promised to Herakles, stolen by Centaur Eurytion, won back by Herakles (Hyg. Fab. 31).

[¶280.] DEIDAMEIA

[¶281.] 1) descendant of Aiolos (Hes. Cat. 10a).

[¶282.] 2) daughter of Lykomedes of Skyros, mother of Neoptolemos by Achilles (Kypria in Proclus p. 19 Kinkel; schol. Lycoph. 182; Apollod. 3.13.8), later married Helenos (Apollod. Ep. 6.13).

[¶283.] 3) daughter of Bellerophon, mother of Sarpedon by Zeus or Evandros, called Laodameia in Iliad 6.197.

[¶284.] DEINOME Trojan captive mentioned in the Little Iliad, depicted by Polygnotos (Paus. 10.26.2).

[¶285.] DEIOPE wife of Musaios, mother of Triptolemos (Arist. mir. 131) or of Eumolpos (Phot. s.v. Eumolpidai) or daughter of Triptolemos and mother of Eumolpos (Istrus in schol. Soph. O.C. 1053; cf. Paus. 1.14.2).

[¶286.] DEIPYLE daughter of Adrastos and Amphithea; sister of Argeia, Aigialeia, Aigialeus, and Kyanippos (Apollod. 1.9.13); wife of Tydeus; mother of Diomedes (Apollod. 1.8.5; Hyg. Fab. 97). Or mother is Eurynome (Hyg. Fab. 69).

[¶287.] DEMO

[¶288.] 1) daughter of Keleos, king of Eleusis, and Metaneira, sister of Kallidike, Kleisidike, and Kallithoe (Hom. Hymn 2.109). Her brother is Demophoun (Hom. Hymn 2.234). See Kallidike (1).

[¶289.] 2) *name of Cumaian sibyl (Paus. 10.12.8f), short for Demophile.

[¶290.] 3) *short form of Demeter (Suda; Etym. Mag. 264.8), Demonassa.

[¶291.] DEMODIKE

[¶292.] 1) second wife of Athamas, stepmother of Phrixos, or wife of Kretheus, aunt of Phrixos, whom she accuses of rape when he spurns her advances (Pind. Pyth. 4.162, 288 with schol.). Phrixos is saved by the ram with the golden fleece (Hyg. Astr. 2.20), but see Helle. See also Ino, Nephele, Themisto.

[¶293.] 2) daughter of Agenor (Hes. Cat. 22) and Epikaste, mother of Evanos, Molos, Pylos, and Thestios by Ares (Apollod. 1.7.7). Her name varies: Demonike in Apollodorus, Demodoke elsewhere (schol. B. Iliad 14.200 citing Hesiod).

[¶294.] DEMODOKE. See Demodike (2).

[¶295.] DEMO(a)nassa

[¶296.] 1) daughter of Amphiaraos and Eriphyle, sister of Amphilochos, mother of Tisamenos by Thersandros. After her death Tisamenos made a hero-shrine for her (Paus. 3.15.8; 9.5.15). Appears on the Kypselos chest (Paus. 5.17.7).

[¶297.] 2) wife of Poias and mother of Philoktetes (Hyg. Fab. 97, 102).

[¶298.] 3) mother of Aigialos by Adrastos (Hyg. Fab. 71).

[¶299.] DEMONIKE. See Demodike (2).

[¶300.] DEXITHEA daughter of Phorbas, mother of Romulus by Aineias, in a divergent tradition (Plut. Rom. 2.2).

[¶301.] DIA

[¶302.] 1) *female counterpart to Zeus, or his daughter. Sometimes associated with Ganymeda or Hebe (Strabo 8.6.24). See Ganymeda.

[¶303.] 2) daughter of Eioneus, wife of Ixion, who killed his father-in-law. Mother of Peirithous, with Zeus usually named as father (Iliad 14.317f.).

[¶304.] 3) daughter of Lykaon, mother of Dryops by Apollo (schol. Lycoph. 480; schol. AR. 1.1218). But see Polydora (2).

[¶305.] DIOGENEIA

[¶306.] 1) daughter of Keleos (Paus. 1.38.3). See Saisara.

[¶307.] 2) daughter of Kephisos, wife of Phrasimos, mother of Praxithea (1) (Apollod. 3.15.1).

[¶308.] DIOMEDE(ia)

[¶309.] 1) daughter of Xuthos, wife of Deion(eus), mother of Asterodia, Ainetos, Aktor, Kephalos, and Phylakos (Hes. Cat. 10a; Apollod. 1.9.4).

[¶310.] 2) captive from Lesbos, concubine of Achilles (Iliad 9.665), shown in painting by Polygnotos at Delphi (Paus. 10.25.4).

[¶311.] 3) daughter of Lapithes, wife of Amyklas, mother of Kynortes and Hyakinthos (Hes. Cat. 17 restored; Apollod. 3.10.3).

[¶312.] DIOMENEIA daughter of Arkas. Portrait-statue of her in agora of Mantineia (Paus. 8.9.9).

[¶313.] DIOXIPPE

[¶314.] 1) daughter of Danaos and Pieria, marries Aigyptos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶315.] 2) Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163).

[¶316.] DIRKE daughter of Ismenos, helps rescue Dionysos, married to Lykos (Eur. Herak. 27), she persecutes Antiope, whose sons have her killed by a bull, when they rescue their mother. Her bones are thrown into the fountain of Ares in Thebes, and a river is named after her (Eur. Bacch. 520f.; Paus. 9.25.3). Secret rites were enacted at her tomb (Plut. De gen. Socr. 578b). See Antiope (1).

[¶317.] DORIOS Danaid, marries Kerketes (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶318.] DRYOPE daughter of Dryopos, bears Amphissos to Apollo while married to Andraimon. Stolen away by nymphs. Amphissos builds a sanctuary to the nymphs. (Ant. Lib. 32 after Nikandros). Ovid (Met. 9.324) has a different version, in which she is turned into a tree.

[¶319.] DYME possible eponym of city in Achaia (Paus. 7.17.6).

[¶320.] ECHEMELA. See Iphiloche.

[¶321.] E(e)riboia

[¶322.] 1) daughter of Eurymachos (schol. B. Iliad 5.385), granddaughter of Hermes, stepmother of the Aloades (Iliad 5.389f.).

[¶323.] 2) See Periboia (5).

[¶324.] EIDOMENE daughter of Abas; sister of Akrisios, Proitos, Kanethos; wife of Amythaon; mother of Melampous (Apollod. 2.2.2). But see also Aglaia (3).

[¶325.] EIDOTHEA

[¶326.] 1) daughter of Proteus (Od. 4.366).

[¶327.] 2) daughter of Okeanos (Hyg. Fab. 182).

[¶328.] 3) sister of Kadmos, second wife of Phineus, persecutes first wife Kleopatra (1) and her children (schol. Soph. Ant. 992). In some versions the second wife is Idaia (Apollod. 3.15.2-4; Diod. 4.43.4) or Eurytia (schol. Od. 12.69).

[¶329.] 4) *Nymph, mother of Kerambos by Euseiros (Ant. Lib. 22).

[¶330.] 5) daughter of Eurytos, king of the Carians, mother of the twins Kaunos and Byblis by Miletos (Ant. Lib. 30).

[¶331.] EIRENE daughter of Poseidon and Melantheia, eponym of Eirene, later called Kalaureia, an island off the coast of the Argolid (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 19, 295e).

[¶332.] ELACHEIA daughter of Thespios, mother of Bouleus by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶333.] ELAIS. See Oinotrop(h)oi.

[¶334.] ELATE sister of the Aloades, mourned her brothers, changed to a fir tree (Liban. Narr. 34 = App. Narr. 10).

[¶335.] ELEKTRA

[¶336.] 1) *daughter of Okeanos and Tethys. Mother of Iris and the Harpies by Thaumas (Hes. Theog. 266,349), companion of Kore (Hom. Hymn. 2.418).

[¶337.] 2) daughter of Danaos and Polyxo, marries Peristhenes (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶338.] 3) *daughter of Atlas and Pleione, one of the seven Pleiades (schol. Pindar Nem. 2.16 = Hes. Cat. 169, 177; Apollod. 3.10.1), but see Hesione (3). Mother by Zeus of Iasion, Dardanos, Harmonia (Diod. 5.48.2; Dion. Hal. 1.61, AR. 1.916 = Hellanicus FGrH 4 F 23). Later connected with Palladion and with Korythos. On Rhodes = Alektrona, daughter of Helios (Hellan. FGrH 4 F 23). See Elektryone (2), Pleione.

[¶339.] 4) sister of Kadmos, one of Theban gates named for her (Paus. 9.8.4).

[¶340.] 5) daughter of Klytemnestra and Agamemnon (Hes. Cat. 23a). Originally called Laodike, later Elektra (false etymology from a-lektron, "without the bed") because she long remained unmarried (Xanthos in Aelian Varia Historia 4.26). After the murder of her mother, married to Pylades, mother of Strophios and Medon. Location of grave at Mykene (Paus. 2.16.7). See Laodike (2).

[¶341.] 6) handmaiden of Helen in Polygnotos' depiction of the fall of Troy (Paus. 10.25.4).

[¶342.] ELEKTRYONE

[¶343.] 1) patronymic of Alkmene (Shield 16).

[¶344.] 2) identified with Alektrona on Rhodes, daughter of Helios and Rhodos, who receives heroic honors on the island of Rhodes (Diod. 5.56.5; schol. Pindar Ol. 7.24). An inscription from Ialysos (Rhodes) gives rules for her cult (Sokolowski [1969] no.136). See Elektra (3).

[¶345.] ELEPHANTIS mother of Hypermestra (1) and Gorgophone (2), by Danaos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶346.] ENARETE. See Ainarete.

[¶347.] ENDEIS daughter of Skiron, wife of Aiakos, mother of Peleus and Telemon (Pindar Nem. 5.12f.). Her mother is Chariklo (Plut. Thes. 10.3).

[¶348.] EONE daughter of Thespios, mother of Amestrios by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶349.] EPHYRE daughter of Okeanos, eponym of city later called Corinth (Paus. 2.1.1). According to Eumelos, daughter of Okeanos and Tethys, wife of Epimetheus; otherwise, daughter of Epimetheus (schol. AR. 4.1212) or of Myrmex.

[¶350.] EPIKASTE

[¶351.] 1) in Od. 11.271, mother and wife of Oidipous. See Iokaste (2).

[¶352.] 2) daughter of Kalydon and Aiolia, sister of Amythaon, wife of Agenor, mother of Demonike and Porthaon (Apollod. 1.7.7).

[¶353.] 3) daughter of Augeias, mother of Thestalos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶354.] 4) See Polykaste (2).

[¶355.] 5) See Iokaste (1).

[¶356.] EPILAIS daughter of Thespios, mother of Astyanax by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶357.] EPIONE wife of Asklepios, daughter of Herakles, mother of Machaon (also called Xanthe in schol. AD. Iliad 4.195) and Podaleirios, and of the goddesses Iaso, Akeso, Panakeia, and Aigle and Hygieia (Suda, s.v.). Statue of her at Epidauros (Paus. 2.27.5).

[¶358.] ERATO

[¶359.] 1) daughter of Danaos and Polyxo, marries Bromios (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶360.] 2) daughter of Thespios, mother of Dynastes by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶361.] ERIBOIA. See Periboia (5).

[¶362.] ERIGONE

[¶363.] 1) daughter of Ikarios, connected with myth of Dionysos and the origin of the Aiora (schol. AB. Iliad 22.29 citing Eratosthenes; Apollod. 3.14.7; Hyg. Fab. 130). For the Aletis, a song sung in her honor at the festival (Athen. 14.618e). See Maira (3).

[¶364.] 2) daughter of Aigisthos and Klytemnestra, rescued from Orestes by Artemis, becomes a priestess (Hyg. Fab. 122), mentioned in Paus. 2.18.7 as mother of Orestes' son Penthilos.

[¶365.] ERIOPIS daughter of Jason and Medea, sister of Medeus, according to Kinaithon of Lakedaimon (Paus. 2.3.9).

[¶366.] ERIPHYLE daughter of Talaos and Lysimache (Apollod. 1.9.13) or Lysianassa (Paus. 2.6.6), sister of Adrastos and Pronax, wife of Amphiaraos, whom she betrays for a necklace (Od. 11.326; 15.247; Pindar Nem. 9.16). Later killed by her son Alkmaion (Apollod. 3.7.5). Her necklace (Paus. 9.41.2-3). Mother of Eurydike (9) and Demonassa, depicted together on Kypselos chest (Paus. 5.17.7). According to Asios, also mother of Alkmene (Paus. 5.17.8). In Diodoros' version she also accepts a robe in exchange for the life of Alkmaion (4.66.3).

[¶367.] ERYTHEIA

[¶368.] 1) daughter of Geryon, mother of Norax by Hermes (Paus. 10.17.5).

[¶369.] 2) daughter of Nux, one of the Hesperides (Hes. frg. 360 = Serv. in Verg. Aen. 4.484). Also Erytheis (AR. 4.1427).

[¶370.] ETHODAIA. See Neaira (5).

[¶371.] ETIOKLYMENE. See Klymene (5).

[¶372.] EUADNE

[¶373.] 1) daughter of Poseidon and Pitane, mother of Iamos by Apollo. She hides the pregnancy, snakes help her give birth and feed the child honey (Pind. Ol. 6.28ff. with scholia; Paus. 6.2.5).

[¶374.] 2) daughter of Iphis, throws herself on pyre of her husband Kapaneus (Eur. Suppl. 980ff.; Apollod. 3.7.1).

[¶375.] 3) daughter of Strymon and Neaira (2), wife of Argos (Apollod. 2.1.2).

[¶376.] EUAICHME

[¶377.] 1) (Megara) daughter of Megareus, second wife of Alkathous (Paus. 1.43.4). See Pyrgo, Iphinoe (2).

[¶378.] 2) daughter of Hyllos, wife of Polykaon (Hes. frg. 251; Paus. 4.2.1).

[¶379.] EUBOIA

[¶380.] 1) daughter of Asterion, sister of Akraia and Prosymna (Paus. 2.17.1-2).

[¶381.] 2) daughter of Thespios, mother of Olympos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶382.] 3) daughter of Larymnos, mother of Glaukos by Polybos (Athen. 12.296b).

[¶383.] EUBOTE daughter of Thespios, mother of Eurypylos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶384.] EUBOULE. See Leo korai.

[¶385.] EUIPPE

[¶386.] 1) (Boiotia) daughter of Leukon, sister of Peisidike (4) and Hyperippe (3), wife of Andreus, mother of Eteokles by him or by river Kephisos (Hes. Cat. 70.10; Paus. 9.34.9).

[¶387.] 2) daughter of Danaos and the naiad Polyxo, marries Imbros (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶388.] EUKLEIA

[¶389.] 1) *an epithet of Artemis, as well as a goddess in her own right.

[¶390.] 2) the daughter of Herakles and Myrto (sister of Patroklos), honored by the Boiotians and Lokrians with an altar and statue in the agora, and sacrifices before marriage by both sexes (Plut. Arist. 20.6).

[¶391.] EUPHEME nurse of the Muses (Paus. 9.29.5-6), mother of Krotos by Pan (Hyg. Astr. 2.27; Hyg. Fab. 224).

[¶392.] EUROPE(ia)

[¶393.] 1) *Nymph, daughter of Okeanos and Tethys (Hes. Theog. 357).

[¶394.] 2) *Boiotian earth-goddess hidden in a cave by Zeus (Paus. 9.19.1), daughter of Tityos, mother of Euphemos, wife of Boiotian Zeus (Philostr. Ep. 47 p. 248K).

[¶395.] 3) daughter of Phoinix (schol. Eur. Phoin. 5) or Agenor and Telephassa, carried off by Zeus in shape of a bull, sought by her brother Kadmos. By Zeus mother of Minos, Rhadamanthys, and Sarpedon; later marries Asterion (schol. A. Iliad 12.292, citing Hesiod and Bacchylides; Hes. Cat. 140, 141). Praxilla says that she is the mother by Zeus of Karneios, who was raised by Apollo and Leto (Paus. 3.13.5).

[¶396.] 4) mother of Automate, Amymone, Agave (1), and Skaia by Danaos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶397.] 5) *epithet of Demeter in Lebadeia (Paus. 9.39.4).

[¶398.] EURYALE

[¶399.] 1) *Gorgon (Hes. Theog. 276; Pind. Pyth. 12.20; Apollod. 2.4.2).

[¶400.] 2) mother of Orion (Erat. Katast. Ep. 32; Hyg. Astr. 2.34) by Poseidon (Hes. Cat. 148; Pherec. in Apollod. 1.4.3).

[¶401.] EURYANASSA wife of Minyas, mother of Klymene (5) (schol. Od. 11.326).

[¶402.] EURYBIA daughter of Thespios, mother of Polylaos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶403.] EURYDIKE

[¶404.] 1) wife of Orpheus. Chased by Aristaios (Verg. Georg. 4.453ff.), she is bitten by a snake and dies. Orpheus wins permission from Persephone to bring her back from the Underworld but fails to meet the condition that he not look back at her and loses her forever (Plat. Symp. 179d, Eur. Alk. 357 unnamed; first named in Moschos, Epit. Bion. 124; also called Argiope or Agriope, Athen. 13.597b).

[¶405.] 2) daughter of Adrastos, wife of Ilos, mother of Laomedon (schol. T. Iliad 20.236; Apollod. 3.12.3).

[¶406.] 3) wife of Nestor, daughter of Klymenos (Od. 3.451f.), but see Anaxibia (2).

[¶407.] 4) wife of Aineias (Paus. 10.26.1 after the Kypria).

[¶408.] 5) wife of Kreon king of Thebes (Soph. Ant. 1183ff.), also called Henioche (schol. Soph. Ant. 1180 citing Hesiod; Shield 83).

[¶409.] 6) daughter of Lakedaimon, wife of Akrisios, mother of Danae (Apollod. 2.2.2), also called Aganippe (Hyg. Fab. 63). Her mother is Sparte (Apollod. 3.10.3). Founder of a temple to Hera in Lakonia (Paus. 3.13.8).

[¶410.] 7) wife of Lykourgos king of Nemea (Apollod. 1.9.14), also called Amphithea (3). Mother of Opheltes or Archemoros who was killed by a snake and had games established in his honor (Simon. frg. 553 PMG = Athen. 9.396e, restored, Apollod. 3.6.4).

[¶411.] 8) daughter of Danaos and Polyxo, marries Dryas (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶412.] 9) daughter of Amphiaraos and Eriphyle, depicted on Kypselos chest (Paus. 5.17.7).

[¶413.] 10) daughter of Aktor, wife of Peleus and mother of Polydora (3) (Staphylos in schol. A. Iliad 16.175). See Polydora (3) for other versions.

[¶414.] EURYGANE(ia) in the cyclic Oidipodeia, second wife of Oidipous and mother of Antigone, Ismene, Polyneikes, and Eteokles (Pherec. in schol. Eur. Phoin. 13, 53, 1760; Paus. 9.5.11). See Iokaste (2), Astymedousa.

[¶415.] EURYKLEIA daughter of Ops, Odysseus' nurse (Od. 1.429, etc.).

[¶416.] EURYKYDA Elean heroine, daughter of Endymion, mother of Eleios by Poseidon (Paus. 5.1.4; 5.1.8).

[¶417.] EURYMEDE. See Eurynome (2).

[¶418.] EURYMEDOUSA attendant of Nausikaa (Od. 7.8).

[¶419.] EURYNOME

[¶420.] 1) *daughter of Okeanos and Tethys (Iliad 18.398; Hes. Theog. 358), mother of the Graces by Zeus, sanctuary with festival near Phigalia, local people believe E. to be an epithet of Artemis (Paus. 8.41.4-6).

[¶421.] 2) daughter of Nisos, wife of Glaukos, mother of Bellerophon by Poseidon (Hes. Cat. 43a.70 restored), also called Eurymede (Apollod. 1.9.3).

[¶422.] 3) attendant of Penelope (Od. 17.495).

[¶423.] 4) See Kleophyle.

[¶424.] 5) See Deipyle.

[¶425.] 6) See Leukothoe.

[¶426.] EURYPYLE daughter of Thespios, mother of Archedikos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶427.] EURYTE. See Sterope (4).

[¶428.] EURYTELE daughter of Thespios, mother of Leukippos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶429.] EURYTHEMIS(te) daughter of Porthaon, sister of Stratonike (1) and Sterope (4) (Hes. Cat. 26), wife of Thestios, mother of Leda, Althaia, and Hypermestra (2) (Hes. Cat. 23). Pherecydes calls her Laophonte (schol. AR. 1.146).

[¶430.] EUXIPPE. See Molpia.

[¶431.] EXOLE daughter of Thespios, mother of Erythras by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶432.] GALATEIA

[¶433.] 1) *Nereid, daughter of Nereus and Doris (Iliad 18.45; Hes. Theog. 250), loved by Polyphemos (Theocr. 6,11).

[¶434.] 2) daughter of Eurytios, wife of Lampros, mother of a daughter transformed by Leto into a man (Ant. Lib. 17 after Nikandros).

[¶435.] 3) *name of statue created by Pygmalion and brought to life. See Ovid Met. 10.243-97 for the story. The use of this name is not ancient and may have begun with Rousseau, Pygmalion. Scene lyrique (1775).

[¶436.] GALINTHIAS daughter of Proitos, helps Alkmene in childbirth and is changed into a weasel by Hera. She serves in Hekate's temple and receives sacrifices before the festival of Herakles in Thebes (Ant. Lib. 29 after Nicander; Ovid Met. 9.273-323). See Historis.

[¶437.] GANYMEDA sometimes equivalent to Hebe, possibly a heroine, but worshiped as a goddess in Phlias (Paus. 2.12.4; 2.13.3). See Dia (1).

[¶438.] GLAUKE

[¶439.] 1) *Homeric epithet of the sea, then name for Nereid, Nymph (Iliad 18.39).

[¶440.] 2) daughter of Kreon, bride of Jason, poisoned by Medea, throws herself in the spring known from then on by her name (Paus. 2.3.6). Also called Kreousa (3) (schol. Eur. Med. 19, 404, and hypothesis).

[¶441.] 3) Amazon, wife of Theseus, mother of Hippolytos (Apollod. Ep. 5.2; Hyg. Fab. 163). Other versions give her other names. See Hippolyte (1), Melanippe (2), Antiope (2).

[¶442.] 4) daughter of Kychreos, mother of Telemon by Aktaios (Pherec. cited in Apollod. 3.12.6).

[¶443.] 5) daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, wife of Alkes (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶444.] GLAUKIA daughter of Skamandros, mother of a second Skamandros by Deimachos (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 41, 301a-b).

[¶445.] GLAUKIPPE daughter of Danaos and Polyxo, marries Potamon (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶446.] GORGE

[¶447.] 1) daughter of Oineus and Althaia, sister of Meleager and Deianeira, wife of Andraimon (Apollod. 1.8.1). Mother of Tydeus by her own father (Apollod. 1.8.5). Buried with Andraimon in Amphissa (Paus. 10.38.5). See Periboia (6).

[¶448.] 2) wife of Korinthos, mother of Megareus. Leaps into Eschatiotis, then called Gorgopis after her (Hesych. s.v. Gorgopis; Aesch. Ag. 302).

[¶449.] 3) daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, wife of Hippothous (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶450.] GORGO mother of six sons by Aigyptos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶451.] GORGOPHONE

[¶452.] 1) daughter of Perseus, wife of Perieres and mother of Aphareus and Leukippos (Paus. 4.2.4), then wife of Oibalos, and mother of Tyndareos (Paus. 3.1.4) and Arene (Paus. 4.2.4). First woman to remarry (Paus. 2.21.7). Elsewhere, Perieres is the father of Tyndareos and Ikarios as well.

[¶453.] 2) daughter of Danaos and Elephantis, wife of Proteus (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶454.] 3) *epithet of Athena "Gorgon-slayer" (Eur. Ion 1478).

[¶455.] HABROTE daughter of Onchestos, wife of Nisos of Megara, garment worn in her honor by Megarian women (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 16, 295a-b). Also Habrite or Abrote.

[¶456.] HALIAI women who came from the Aegean Islands to help Dionysos when he was attacked by Perseus, and whose tomb is in Argos (Paus. 2.22.1).

[¶457.] HARMONIA

[¶458.] 1) daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, wife of Kadmos, mother of Ino, Semele, Agave, Autonoe, Polydoros (Hes. Theog. 937, 975). On Samothrace she is the daughter of Zeus and Elektra (3) (= Elektryone [2]), stolen by Kadmos and sought by her mother, like Kore (schol. Eur. Phoin. 7, Ephorus). A tomb of Kadmos and Harmonia in Illyria (Athen. 11.462b citing Phylarkos). Her thalamos (bedchamber) in Thebes (Paus. 9.12.3); tomb (Strabo 1.2.39 citing Callimachus).

[¶459.] 2) *daughter of Zeus, mother of the Muses, a goddess (Aesch. Prom. 551).

[¶460.] HARPALYKE

[¶461.] 1) daughter of Thracian king Harpalykos, raised as a hunter. Ritual games by shepherds at her grave (Verg. Aen. 1.317; Hyg. Fab. 193, 252).

[¶462.] 2) daughter of Klymenos, mother of Presbon by her own father (schol. T. Iliad 14.291; Hyg. Fab. 206). Elsewhere her father is Periklymenos (schol. V. Iliad 14.291).

[¶463.] 3) a virgin who commits suicide for love of Iphikles, singing contest held in her honor (Athen. 14.619e).

[¶464.] HARPINA (Elis) mother of Oinomaus, who named a city after her (Paus. 6.21.8).

[¶465.] HEKABE daughter of Dymas, Kisseus, or the river god Sangarios, second wife of Priam, mother of 19 children (or 20: schol. Iliad 10.252 = Simon. frg. 559 PMG), including Hektor, Paris, Polyxene, Polydoros. She leads the embassy to Athena at Iliad 6.269ff. After taking her revenge on Polymestor for the murder of Polydoros, she is transformed into a dog (Eur. Hek. 1259-73; Apollod. Ep. 5.23), possible connection with Hekate (Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 1176). According to Stesichorus, she was taken to Lycia by Apollo (frg. 193 PMG = Paus. 10.27.1). Her tomb near the Hellespont was known as the Kynos Sema, or "tomb of the dog" (Eur. Hek. 1273). See Ilione for another version.

[¶466.] HEKAERGE

[¶467.] 1) *epithet of Artemis (Callim. Hymn 4.292), Ktesylla (Ant. Lib. 1 after Nicander).

[¶468.] 2) See the Hyperborean Maidens.

[¶469.] HEKALE eponym of the Attic deme, an old woman who gives hospitality to Theseus while he is engaged in his labors. When he returns to find her dead, he establishes a cult in her honor. Also called Hekaline (Callim. Hekale frg. 230-377 Pfeiffer or Hollis passim; Plut. Thes. 14.2 = Philochoros FGrH 328 F 109). According to a doubtful source (Mnaseas = Testamenta Dubia 17 Hollis), she is the mother of Boulias or Bounas.

[¶470.] HEKAMEDE daughter of Arsinous of Tenedos, captive of Nestor, mixer of potions (Iliad 11.624; 14.6).

[¶471.] HELEN (or Helene) daughter of Leda and Zeus, in the form of a swan. Helen was supposed to have been born from an egg that was on view in Sparta (Paus. 3.16.1; see Athen. 2.57f. for egg lore). Elsewhere her parents are Zeus and Nemesis (Kypria p. 24 Kinkel; Athen. 8.334c), who gave her to Leda to raise (Paus. 1.33.7), or Leda and Tyndareos. Sister of Kastor and Polydeukes (Iliad 3.237-38), Phylonoe, Timandra, Klytemnestra (Hes. Cat. 176). When men come from all over Greece to woo her, Tyndareos makes them swear to come to the aid of the successful suitor. When Paris steals her from Menelaos, the suitors sail against Troy (schol. A Iliad 2.339 citing Stesichorus). In some versions Paris and Helen are blown off course to Egypt (Hdt. 2.133-37), and Helen never goes to Troy (Stesich. 192 PMG = Plat. Phaedr. 243a), while the Trojan War is fought over a phantom (Plat. Rep. 586c). After the death of Paris, she is married to Deiphobos, despite the rivalry of Idomeneus (Ibycus and Simonides in schol. T Iliad 13.516). Menelaos, overcome by her beauty, is unable to kill her after the fall of Troy (Aristoph. Lys. 155-56), and their married life resumes (see Od. 4). There is a tradition that she was abducted as a young girl by Theseus but rescued by her brothers, the Dioskouroi (Apollod. 3.10.7). According to the dominant tradition, her only child is Hermione, daughter of Menelaos (Od. 4.12-14), but other traditions include among her children Iphigeneia by Theseus (Paus. 2.22.7), Nikostratos by Menelaos (Hes. Cat. 175 = Laur. schol. Soph. El. 539), and Korythos or Helenos by Paris (schol. Od. 4.11). In one version she is hanged to avenge the men killed in the Trojan War, which gives rise to a tree-cult (Paus. 3.19.10; Theocr. Idyll 18.48 for another tree-connection). Or she becomes the wife of Achilles on the isle of Leuke, the "White Island" (Paus. 3.19.13). She and Menelaos were buried at Therapne in Lakonia (Paus. 3.15.2), where they were worshiped as gods (Isocr. Praise of Helen 217d; cf. Alc. frg. 7 PMG). The Homeric tradition has M. going to the Isles of the Blessed.

[¶472.] HELIADES the five daughters of Helios, sisters of Phaethon, who mourn him and are turned into poplars who weep amber tears (Eur. Hipp. 735-41; Hyg. Fab.154; Athen. 13.568e). For other daughters of Helios, see Lampetie and Phaethousa.

[¶473.] HELIKE

[¶474.] 1) daughter of Selinos of Aigaleia, marries Ion, who names a city for her (Paus. 7.1.1-4). But elsewhere Pausanias connects the city name with Helicon (7.24.5-6).

[¶475.] 2) mother of Merope (2) by Oinopion (Erat. Kat. 32).

[¶476.] HELIKONIS daughter of Thespios, mother of Phalias by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶477.] HELLE daughter of Athamas and Nephele, sister of Phrixos. Their mother sends them to Kolchis on the ram with the golden fleece to save them from her rival Ino. Helle falls into the sea, which takes her name, i.e., Hellespont (Pindar frg. 29, 179; Aesch. Pers. 68). But see Demodike (1).

[¶478.] HEMITHEA

[¶479.] 1) See Molpadia.

[¶480.] 2) daughter of Kyknos and Prokleia, sister of Tennes, with whom she is put to sea in a chest after stepmother Philonome charges Tennes with making advances (Apollod. Ep. 3.24; Paus. 10.14.2-3).

[¶481.] HENIOCHE

[¶482.] 1) *epithet of Hera at Lebadeia (Paus. 9.39.5).

[¶483.] 2) See Eurydike (5).

[¶484.] 3) daughter of Kreon, sister of Pyrrha. They sacrifice themselves to save their city and are honored with statues at the Ismenion in Thebes (Paus. 9.10.3).

[¶485.] 4) daughter of Pittheus, wife of Kanethos, mother of Skiron or Sinis (Plut. Thes. 25.4-5).

[¶486.] HEPHAISTINE mother of four sons by Aigyptos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶487.] HERKYNA (Lebadeia) a companion of Kore. She has a temple on the banks of the river of the same name (Paus. 9.39.2-3). It is unclear whether she received divine or heroic cult there.

[¶488.] HERMIONE

[¶489.] 1) daughter of Helen and Menelaos (Hes. Cat. 175, 204), married to Neoptolemos (Od. 4.4ff.; Apollod. Ep. 6.14). In some versions she marries Orestes after he kills Neoptolemos, and Tisamenos is their son (Paus. 1.33.8; 2.18.6). Marriage to Diomedes (schol. Pindar Nem. 10.12a). Rival of Andromache (Eur. Andr.). An image of her dedicated by the Spartans at Delphi (Paus. 10.16.4).

[¶490.] 2) *Syracusan name for Persephone (Stesich. frg. S104 Campbell with note).

[¶491.] HERO the female protagonist of a tale of star-crossed love. Her lover Leandros drowns while swimming the Hellespont to meet her. The story is told by Musaios in the 5th c. C.E. and in Ovid's Heroides, but fragments exist from the 1st c. C.E. of a poem on this theme, which may be Hellenistic. See Page (1970) 3:512-15.

[¶492.] HEROPHILE early Sibyl, who calls herself wife, sister, or daughter of Apollo. Her tomb in the Troad, where she is said to be the daughter of the shepherd Theodoros and a nymph (Paus. 10.12.1-7).

[¶493.] HERSE

[¶494.] 1) one of the three Aglaurides, with Aglauros and Pandrosos. They are daughters of Kekrops in some versions (Paus. 1.2.6; Apollod. 3.14.2). Mother of Kephalos by Hermes (Apollod. 3.14.3). According to Alc. (frg. 57 PMG) she is daughter of Zeus and Selene. Connection with the festival of the Arrephoria, sometimes called Hersephoria. See Aglauros (2), Pandrosos.

[¶495.] 2) mother of Hippodike and Adiante by Danaos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶496.] HESIONE

[¶497.] 1) *Okeanid, wife of Prometheus (Aesch. Prom. 560).

[¶498.] 2) See Klymene (4).

[¶499.] 3) wife of Atlas, mother of Elektra, ancestor of Trojan royal house (schol. Eur. Phoin. 1129).

[¶500.] 4) daughter of Laomedon. When Poseidon sends a sea monster because of her father's hybris, she is set out to appease it and is rescued by Herakles (Iliad 20.144; 5.638; Soph. Aias 1301ff.; Apollod. 2.5.9). When Laomedon refuses him a reward, Herakles sacks the city and gives her to Telamon, by whom she is the mother of Teucer (Apollod. 3.12.7). She ransoms her brother Podarkes with a veil, hence his new name Priam (Apollod. 2.6.4; Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 34; Hyg. Fab. 89).

[¶501.] HESYCHEIA daughter of Thespios, mother of Oistrobles by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶502.] HILAIRA daughter of Leukippos, together with her sister Phoibe, carried off by the Dioskouroi. She is the mother of Anogon by Kastor (Apollod. 3.11.2). According to the Kypria, she and her sister Phoibe are daughters of Apollo (Paus. 3.16.1). At their temple in Lakonia, they were served by young priestesses also called Leukippides (Paus. 3.16.1). See Phoibe (2).

[¶503.] HIPPE

[¶504.] 1) See Hippolyte (1).

[¶505.] 2) daughter of Cheiron, mother of Melanippe by Aiolos or Apollo. Changed into a constellation (Hyg. Astr. 2.18; Eur. Melanippe, frgs. 480-88 Nauck). In Eur. originally called Okyrrhoe (4). Also called Hippo.

[¶506.] 3) See Molpia.

[¶507.] HIPPO

[¶508.] 1) *Okeanid (Hes. Theog. 351).

[¶509.] 2) Amazon (Callim. Hymn 3.239, 266), apparently the same as Hippolyte (2).

[¶510.] 3) See Hippe (2).

[¶511.] 4) nurse of Dionysos, also known as Hipta (Orph. Hymn 49).

[¶512.] 5) See Molpia.

[¶513.] 6) daughter of Thespios, mother of Kapylos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶514.] HIPPODAMEIA

[¶515.] 1) daughter of Oinomaos and Sterope, wife of Pelops, mother of Atreus and Thyestes, Astydameia (3), Lysidike (1), and Nikippe (1). Her father challenges and kills her suitors (Hes. frg. 259a = Paus. 6.21.10), until Pelops wins by trickery (Apollod. Ep. 2.3-9; Hyg. Fab. 84) or the help of Poseidon (Pind. Ol. 1). H. inaugurated the Heraia as a thank-offering to Hera for her marriage (Paus. 5.16.4). Buried in the Altis at Olympia, sanctuary called Hippodameion, where women pay her honors (Paus. 5.16.6; 6.20.7).

[¶516.] 2) daughter of Adrastos, wife of Peirithous, mother of Polypoites (Iliad 2.740). Her marriage is the occasion for the war between the Lapiths and Centaurs (Apollod. Ep. 1.21; Hyg. Fab. 33; frequently represented in art).

[¶517.] 3) wife of Amyntor, mother of Phoinix (schol. Iliad 9.448).

[¶518.] 4) See Briseis.

[¶519.] 5) one of Penelope's maids (Od. 18.182).

[¶520.] 6) wife of Autonous, mother of Erodios, Anthos, Schoineus, Akanthos, Akanthis (Ant. Lib. 7 after Boios).

[¶521.] 7) daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, marries Istros (Apollod. 2.1.5), but see also Kleodameia.

[¶522.] 8) eldest daughter of Anchises (Iliad 13.429).

[¶523.] HIPPODIKE daughter of Danaos and Herse, marries Idas (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶524.] HIPPOKRATE daughter of Thespios, mother of Hippozygos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶525.] HIPPOLYTE

[¶526.] 1) Amazon, daughter of Ares (schol. A. Iliad 3.189) and Otrere (Hyg. Fab. 30, 163), carried off by Theseus, also called Antiope, Hippe (Hes. Cat. 147 = Athen. 13.557), Glauke, or Melanippe (Apollod. Ep. 1.16). According to Apollodorus she is the mother of Hippolytos (Apollod. Ep. 5.2), but see Antiope (2).

[¶527.] 2) queen of the Amazons, killed by Herakles for her belt (Eur. Herak. 407ff.; Apollod. 2.5.9). There is some confusion between (1) and (2), and it is not clear which is meant to be buried at Megara (Paus. 1.41.7).

[¶528.] 3) daughter of Dexamenos, rescued from centaur by Herakles (Diod. 4.33), but see Deianeira.

[¶529.] 4) daughter of Kretheus, wife of Akastos, also called Astydameia (Pindar Nem. 4.57, 5.23ff.; schol. AR. 1.224).

[¶530.] 5) sister of Jason? See Alkimede.

[¶531.] 6) See Antigone (1).

[¶532.] HIPPOMEDOUSA daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, marries Alkemenor (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶533.] HIPPONOME daughter of Menoikeus, wife of Alkaios, mother of Anaxo (2) and Amphitryon (Apollod. 2.4.5). But see Astydameia (4), Laonome (1), Lysidike (1).

[¶534.] HIPPOTHOE

[¶535.] 1) *Nereid (Hes. Theog. 251; Apollod. 1.2.7).

[¶536.] 2) one of the daughters of Pelias, whom Medea tricks into killing their father (Apollod. 1.9.10; Hyg. Fab. 24).

[¶537.] 3) daughter of Mestor and Lysidike, mother of Taphios by Poseidon (Apollod. 2.4.5).

[¶538.] 4) Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163).

[¶539.] 5) daughter of Pelias and Anaxibia (Apollod. 1.9.10). See Anaxibia (2).

[¶540.] HISTORIS (Boiotia) daughter of Teiresias, helps Alkmene in childbirth (Paus. 9.11.3). See Galinthias.

[¶541.] HYADES. See Hyakinthides.

[¶542.] HYAKINTHIDES the daughters of Erechtheus and Praxithea (1) sacrificed to save Athens in time of war, also called Hyades. There are as many as six: Chthonia (2), Kreousa (2), Prokris (1), Oreithyia (2), Pandora (5), Protogeneia (2). The name Hyakinthides can also refer to the daughters of Hyakinthos--Antheis, Aigleis, Lytaia, and Orthaia--sacrificed by the Athenians to avert a plague (Apollod. 3.15.8). See also under individual names. See also Koronis (2).

[¶543.] HYLLIS daughter of Hyllus son of Herakles, mother of Zeuxippos by Apollo (Ibycus frg. 282a.41 PMG).

[¶544.] HYPERA sister of Anthos, who searches for her brother. They are eponyms of Anthedonia and Hypereia (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 19.295e-f; but Athen. 1.31c has Hyperos).

[¶545.] HYPERBOREAN Maidens young women sent by the Hyperboreans to bring offerings to Apollo at Delos. According to the Delians, the maidens, called Hyperoche and Laodike, died there and the boys and girls of Delos cut off a lock of hair in mourning for them (Hdt. 4.33). Clement places their tomb in the Artemision at Delos (Protr. 3.39). Herodotus also suggests some connection with Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth. He mentions an earlier pair of Hyperborean Maidens, Opis and Arge, on whose tomb ashes from sacrifices are scattered (Hdt. 4.33-35). Pausanias calls them Opis and Hekaerge (Paus. 5.7.8), and Callimachus has three: Hekaerge, Opis, and Loxo, which perhaps indicates "partner of Loxias," i.e., Apollo (Hymn 4.292).

[¶546.] HYPERIPPE

[¶547.] 1) Elean heroine, wife of Endymion; see Asterodeia.

[¶548.] 2) daughter of Danaos and Krino, marries Hippokorystes (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶549.] 3) (Boiotia) daughter of Leukon, sister of Euippe and Peisidike (Hes. Cat. 70 restored).

[¶550.] 4) daughter of Munichos and Lelante (Ant. Lib. 14 after Nicander). See Lelante.

[¶551.] HYPERMESTRA (or Hypermnestra)

[¶552.] 1) Danaid, the only one who disobeys her father's order to kill her husband (Pindar Nem. 10.6). Wife of Lynkeus, mother of Abas. In thanks for the goddess' defense against a charge of impiety by her father, she dedicates an image of Aphrodite Nikephoros (Paus. 2.19.6) as well as a temple to Artemis Peitho (Paus. 2.21.1). Her tomb is in Argos (Paus. 2.21.2). According to Apollodorus, her mother is Elephantis (2.1.5).

[¶553.] 2) (Argos) daughter of Thestios and Eurythemis(te), wife of Oikles, mother of Amphiaraos, buried near Hypermestra (1) (Paus. 2.21.2), or daughter of Thespios, mother of Iphianeira (2), Polyboia, and Amphiaraos (Diod. 4.68.5-6).

[¶554.] 3) See Mestra.

[¶555.] HYPEROCHE. See Hyperborean Maidens.

[¶556.] HYPSIPYLE(ia)

[¶557.] 1) daughter of Thoas of Lemnos. The Lemnian women slight Aphrodite and are punished with a horrible smell. When their husbands abandon them for Thracian women, the Lemnian women kill their fathers and husbands and rule the island. Hypsipyle alone spares her father. When the Argonauts stop on Lemnos, they sleep with the women. She is the mother of Euneos and Thoas or Nebrophonos by Jason (Iliad 7.469; AR. 1.620; Apollod. 1.9.17). Later, she is the nurse of Opheltes (Archemoros), son of Lykourgos and Eurydike. While she directs the Seven against Thebes to a spring, Opheltes dies of a snakebite, and the Nemean games are founded in his honor (Apollod. 3.6.4). Extensive fragments survive of Euripides' Hypsipyle (Bond [1963]; Page [1970] 76-109).

[¶558.] 2) See Iphthime.

[¶559.] HYRIE (Aitolia) daughter of Amphinomos, mother of Kyknos, transformed into a sea of this name at her son's death (Ovid Met. 7.371-81). In Ant. Lib. 12 (after Nicander), the name is given as Thyrie, and the son's father is Apollo, who changes them both to swans.

[¶560.] HYRMINA (Elis) daughter of Epeios and Anaxiroe (Paus. 5.1.6), mother of Aktor by Phorbas. Her son names a city for her (Paus. 5.1.11). The city mentioned in Iliad 2.616.

[¶561.] HYRNETHO daughter of Temenos, wife of Deiphontes, sister of Kerunos and Phalkes. Eponym of the tribe Hyrnethioi in Argos. Mother of Antimenes, Xanthippos, Argeus, and Orsobia. She is accidentally killed by her brothers, who build a heroon for her (Paus. 2.23.3; 2.28.37). See Larson (1995) 141-43.

[¶562.] IAMBE servant in the house of Keleos who cheers Demeter with her jokes (Hom. Hymn 2.195, 202). A personification of the practise of aischrologia (ritual obscenity) connected with the Eleusinian mysteries, she appears in a late-third-century Hymn to Demeter attributed to Philikos (in Page [1970] 407). See Baubo.

[¶563.] IANTHE

[¶564.] 1) *Okeanid (Hes. Theog. 349), companion of Persephone (Hom. Hymn 2.418).

[¶565.] 2) See Iphis (2).

[¶566.] IDAIA daughter of Dardanos, second wife of Phineus, antagonist of first wife, Kleopatra (1). In some versions the second wife is Eidothea (Apollod. 3.15.2-4). See Kleopatra (1), Eidothea (3).

[¶567.] IDYIA. See Neaira (4).

[¶568.] ILIONE oldest daughter of Priam, wife of Polymestor, saves her brother Polydoros, tricking Polymestor into killing Deipylos, their son, instead. She kills Polymestor, then herself (Hyg. Fab. 109, 240, 243). But see Hekabe for another version.

[¶569.] INO daughter of Kadmos and Harmonia, sister of Semele, Agave, Autonoe, and Polydoros (Hes. Theog. 975ff.; Od. 5.333ff.). Wife of Athamas, mother of Learchos and Melikertes. Other versions tell of her rivalry with Athamas' first wife, Nephele, and attempts to kill her children (Apollod. 1.9.1). Elsewhere she is the supplanted wife, persecuted by Themisto (Hyg. Fab. 4 is apparently based on Euripides' Ino, of which a few fragments survive. See Nauck, Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta [2] 482ff.). Driven mad by Hera for nursing Dionysos, Athamas kills Learchos, and she leaps into the sea with Melikertes (Alc. frg. 50 PMG; Apollod. 3.4.3) and becomes the goddess Leukothea (Od. 5.333ff.). Her cult is both heroic and divine (Xenophanes in Arist. Rhet. 1440b5; Paus. 4.34.4). As Ino she is associated with divination at Limera (Paus. 3.23.8), and near Thalamai in Lakonia (Paus. 3.26.1, but see also Kassandra and Pasiphae). In Crete she has a festival called the Inacheia. At Megara, where they claim to have been the first to call her Leukothea, there is a yearly sacrifice to her (Paus. 1.42.7). As Leukothea she is honored in Miletos by games (Conon Narr. 33), in Colchis with a temple founded by Phrixos near his own oracle (Strabo 11.2.17), and with festivals and month-names in many Greek cities.

[¶570.] IO daughter of Inachos and Melia, priestess of Hera, loved by Zeus. She is changed into a cow, either by him to hide her from Hera, or by Hera in revenge (Aesch. Suppl. 291ff.). She is watched over by Argos, until Hermes kills the monster and she wanders to Egypt where she gets back human form and gives birth to Epaphos (Aesch. Prom. 851). She marries Telegonos, is identified with Isis (Apollod. 2.1.3). Sometimes her father is said to be Iasos (Paus. 2.16.1) or Peiren (Hes. Cat. 124 = Apollod. 2.1.3). As Io Kallithyessa, she is said to be the first priestess of Athena (Hesych. s.v. I&ocric; Kallithuessa). This may be a mistake, since every other tradition connects Io with Hera. Elsewhere Kallithyia, a possible doublet of Io, is the first priestess of Argive Hera. See Kallithyia.

[¶571.] IODAMA daughter of Itonos, sister of Athena, who kills her during weapon play (Simonides FGrH 9 F 1) or priestess of Itonian Athena, turned to stone at sight of the goddess with the gorgoneion, honored daily with fire (Paus. 9.34.1; schol. Lycoph. 355). Or she is the daughter of Tithonos, mother of Thebe by Zeus (schol. Lycoph. 1206).

[¶572.] IOKASTE

[¶573.] 1) (Boiotia) mother of Agamedes and Trophonios by Zeus or Apollo. She is in some traditions called Epikaste and is said to be the wife of Agamedes and mother of Trophonios (schol. Aristoph. Clouds 508).

[¶574.] 2) daughter of Menoikeus, sister of Kreon, wife of Laios and mother of Oidipous (Od. F 11.271, where called Epikaste). Mother by Oidipous of Antigone, Ismene, Polyneikes, Eteokles. In Sophocles' O.T., she kills herself upon discovering her incestuous union. In Stesichorus' fragmentary Thebiad or Seven against Thebes (frg. 222a PMG), she lives long enough to try to make peace between her warring sons. Elsewhere, she is mother of Phrastor and Laonytos (Pherec. FGrH 3 F 95), while the children named above are the product of another marriage. See Eurygane(ia), Astymedousa.

[¶575.] IOLE(ia) daughter of Eurytos in Oichalia, beloved of Herakles, at his death given to his son Hyllos (Hes. Cat. 26; Soph. Trach.).

[¶576.] IOPE daughter of Iphikles, mother of Demophon by Theseus, according to Stesichorus (frg. 193.23-24 PMG), but elsewhere his mother is Ariadne. Plutarch lists her among Theseus' wives (Thes. 29).

[¶577.] IOPHOSSA wife of Phrixos, mother of Argos, Phrontis, Melas, and Kytisoros (schol. AR. 2.1122, citing the Great Ehoiai). But see Chalkiope (2).

[¶578.] IPHIANASSA

[¶579.] 1) daughter of Proitos and Stheneboia (or Anteia, Iliad 6.160) together with sisters Lysippe and Iphinoe slights Dionysos, according to Hesiod, or Hera as cited in Akousilaos, and is driven mad (Apollod. 2.2.2. = Hes. Cat. 131). Marries Melampous, after he cures her of madness (Pherec. FGrH 3 F 114). See Iphinoe (2), Iphianeira (1).

[¶580.] 2) daughter of Agamemnon and Klytemnestra (Iliad 9.144f., etc.). In the Kypria (p. 27 Kinkel = schol. Laur. in Soph. El. 157), both she and Iphigeneia appear. Elsewhere they are perhaps the same. See Iphigeneia.

[¶581.] 3) mother of Aitolos by Endymion (Apollod. 1.7.6).

[¶582.] IPHIANEIRA

[¶583.] 1) daughter of Megapenthes, mother of Antiphates, Manto, Bias, Pronoe, by Melampous. Same story as Iphianassa (1) (Diod. 4.68.4). But see Iphianassa (1).

[¶584.] 2) daughter of Oikles and Hypermestra (2), sister of Amphiaraos (Hes. Cat. 25), sister also of Polyboia (Diod. 4.68.5).

[¶585.] IPHIGENEIA daughter of Agamemnon and Klytemnestra. She is brought to Aulis on the pretext of marriage to Achilles and instead sacrificed to Artemis (Pindar Pyth. 11.21ff.; Aesch. Ag. 150ff., 1415ff., etc.) or rescued by the goddess (Hes. Cat. 23a under name Iphimede). Some sources equate her with the goddess Hekate (Hes. Cat. 23b = Paus. 1.43.1; Stesich. frg. 215 PMG = Philod. Peri Euseb. p. 24). Associated with worship of Artemis in the Tauric Chersonnese (Hdt. 4.103). Priestess of Artemis, shares sanctuary at Brauron, associated with childbirth (Eur I.T.). According to others, she is the daughter of Helen and Theseus (Stesich. frg. 14 PMG in Paus. 2.22.6; schol. Lycoph. 102, 143, etc.), given to Klytemnestra to raise. Apparently the same as Iphimede (1), and perhaps Iphianassa (2). There is a tradition that the "marriage" at Aulis was actually consummated and resulted in the birth of Neoptolemos (schol. BT. Iliad 19.326 = Douris of Samos FGrH 76 F 88; schol. Lycoph. 183 and 325). See also Iphis (1).

[¶586.] IPHILOCHE daughter of Alektor and wife of Menelaos' son Megapenthes. Also called Echemela (Od. 4.10, named only in the scholia).

[¶587.] IPHIMEDE(ia)

[¶588.] 1) daughter of Agamemnon and Klytemnestra (Hes. Cat. 23), sacrificed to Artemis, made immortal. Honored by Carians (Paus. 10.28.8). See Iphigeneia.

[¶589.] 2) daughter of Triopas, wife of Aloeos, mother of Otos and Ephialtes, who were known as the Aloiades but whose father was really Poseidon (Od. 11.305; Hes. Cat. 19 = schol. AR. 1.482; Pindar Pyth. 4.89).

[¶590.] IPHIMEDOUSA daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, marries Euchenor (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶591.] IPHINOE

[¶592.] 1) daughter of Nisos, wife of Megareus (Paus. 1.39.6).

[¶593.] 2) daughter of Alkathous (her mother is either his first wife, Pyrgo, or his second, Euaichme), to whom Megarian girls sacrifice their hair before marriage (Paus. 1.43.4).

[¶594.] 3) daughter of Proitos, with her sisters Iphianassa and Lysippe (Hes. Cat. 129), driven mad for offending either Hera or Dionysos. The seer Melampous undertakes a cure, but she dies in the attempt (Apollod. 2.2.2). A fourth-century inscription records that her tomb was set up in the agora of Sikyon (SEG 15.195). See Iphianassa (1).

[¶595.] IPHINOME Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163).

[¶596.] IPHIS

[¶597.] 1) mother of Neoptolemos by Achilles, also called Iphigeneia in one source (Lycoph. 323ff. with scholia).

[¶598.] 2) daughter of Lygdos and Telethousa, raised as a boy, betrothed to Ianthe, Iphis changes her sex so they can marry (Ovid Met. 9.666-797).

[¶599.] 3) daughter of Thespios, mother of Keleustanor by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶600.] IPHTHIME daughter of Ikarios, sister of Penelope, wife of Eumelos of Pherai (Od. 4.797). According to the scholia (schol. Od. 4.797), also called Meda, Laodameia, Hypsipyle, or Laodike (schol. Od. 1.277).

[¶601.] ISMENE

[¶602.] 1) (Thebes) daughter of Oidipous and either Iokaste or Eurygane(ia) (Pherec. in schol. Eur. Phoin. 53). Connected with the town and spring of the same name; the hero Ismenos, son of Amphion and Niobe; the Ismenion; and the oracle of Apollo Ismenios (Paus. 9.10.2-6). A Corinthian amphora (Louvre E640, c. 560) shows her being killed by Tydeus because of her union with Periklymenos.

[¶603.] 2) *a nymph, daughter of Asopos, mother of Iasos by Argos (Apollod. 2.1.3), brought into the Theban genealogy by confusion with (1).

[¶604.] KABYE (or Kambyse) (Elis) daughter of Opous, wife of Lokros, mother of Opous by Zeus (mentioned unnamed in Pindar Ol. 9.57ff.; Plut. Quaest. Gr. 15.294e).

[¶605.] KAINIS daughter of Elatos of Thessaly, raped by Poseidon. When he offers her a favor, she asks to become a man, and therefore invulnerable to rape. She is henceforth known as Kaineus (Hes. Cat. 87; Ovid Met. 12.189-209). Ovid describes a later metamorphosis into a bird (12.459-97).

[¶606.] KALAMETIS daughter of Thespios, mother of Astybies by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶607.] KALCHINIA daughter of Leukippos, bears son Peratos to Poseidon (Paus. 2.5.7).

[¶608.] KALIADNE *river nymph, mother of twelve of the sons of Aigyptos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶609.] KALLIDIKE

[¶610.] 1) daughter of Keleos, king of Eleusis, and Metaneira. Her sisters are Kleisidike, Demo, and Kallithoe (Hom. Hymn 2.109). Her brother is Demophoun (Hom. Hymn 2.234). But see also Saisara. The tombs of the daughters of Keleos were honored (Clem. Al. Protr. 3.39).

[¶611.] 2) Thesprotian queen, married to Odysseus, mother of Polypoites (Telegony p. 57 Kinkel; Apollod. Ep. 7.35).

[¶612.] 3) daughter of Danaos and Krino, marries Pandion (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶613.] KALLIPATEIRA woman who invades the Olympic games, also called Pherenike (Paus. 5.6.7; 6.7.2), possibly historical figure.

[¶614.] KALLIRHOE

[¶615.] 1) *Okeanid, companion of Kore (Hom. Hymn 2.419).

[¶616.] 2) daughter of Achelous, wife of Alkmaion (Apollod. 3.7.5), mother of Akarnan and Amphoteros. Her desire to have the necklace of Eriphyle, which he had given to his first wife Alphesiboia, leads to Alkmaion's death (Paus. 8.24.9-10).

[¶617.] 3) daughter of Skamandros, wife of Tros, mother of Assarakos, Ilos, Ganymede, Kleopatra (3) (Apollod. 3.12.2; schol. Lycoph. 29; schol. T. Iliad 20.231 citing Hellanicus).

[¶618.] 4) Kalydonian maiden beloved of Dionysos' priest (Paus. 7.21.1, perhaps after Nicander).

[¶619.] 5) Trojan maiden in Milesian tale (Ps.-Aesch. Ep. 10).

[¶620.] 6) mother of Geryon by Chrysaor (Stesich. frg. S10-11 Campbell).

[¶621.] KALLISTO daughter of Lykaon, companion of Artemis. Seduced by Zeus, transformed into bear by Artemis (Hes. Cat. 163 = Erat. Kat. 1; Eur. Hel. 375ff.). Mother of Arkas, ancestor of the Arkadians. In other versions, transformed by Hera, shot by Artemis or Arkas (Apollod. 3.8.2 with different genealogies). Her grave at Trikolonoi near Megalopolis in temple of Artemis Kalliste (Paus. 8.35.8). Cult title of Artemis in Athens (Paus. 1.29.2) and in Arkadia (Paus. 8.35.8). Her statue on the Akropolis (Paus. 1.25.1); painted by Polygnotos (Paus. 10.31.10). See also Ktimene (1).

[¶622.] KALLITHOE

[¶623.] 1) daughter of Keleos, king of Eleusis, and Metaneira. Sister of Kallidike, Kleisidike, and Demo (Hom. Hymn 2.109) and Demophoun (Hom. Hymn 2.234). See Kallidike (1).

[¶624.] 2) See Kallithyia, Io.

[¶625.] KALLITHYESSA. See Kallithyia, Io.

[¶626.] KALLITHYIA daughter of Peiras, who founded the Argive Heraion, priestess of Hera (Plut. frg. 158; Arist. Or. 45.3). Also called Kallithoe (Phoronis frg. 4 Kinkel). Perhaps to be identified with Kallithyessa, first priestess of Athena (Hesych. s.v. Io Kallithuessa). See Io.

[¶627.] KALYKE

[¶628.] 1) daughter of Aiolos and Ainarete (Apollod. 1.7.3), mother of Endymion by Aethlios or Zeus (Apollod. 1.7.5; Hes. Cat. 245), mother of Polykaste by Aethlios (Hes. Cat. 10a).

[¶629.] 2) daughter of Hekaton, mother of Kyknos by Poseidon, also known as Skamandrodike, etc. (schol. Pindar Ol. 2.147; Hyg. Fab. 157).

[¶630.] 3) commits suicide for love of Euathlos, jumping from the white rock of Leukas. Her story was recounted in a poem entitled Kalyke, attributed by some to Stesichorus (Athen. 14.619d-e).

[¶631.] KAMEIRO daughter of Pandareos. After the death of their parents (perhaps for impiety), she and her sister Klytie are raised by Aphrodite, Hera, Artemis, and Athena, but stolen by the Harpies to be given to the Erinyes before they can be married (Od. 20.66-78). Depicted in the Lesche at Delphi by Polygnotos, who is the source for their names (Paus. 10.30.1-3).

[¶632.] KANAKE daughter of Aiolos and Ainarete, bears five children to Poseidon (Apollod. 1.7.3-4), committs incest with her brother Makareus (Od. 10.5ff.; Aristoph. Clouds 1371 and schol. Tzetzes; Frogs 849; Hyg. Fab. 242).

[¶633.] KARME daughter of Eubolos and Demeter; by Zeus, mother of Britomartis (Paus. 2.30.3; Diod. 5.76.3). Elsewhere her parents are Phoinix and Kassiepeia (Ant. Lib. 40).

[¶634.] KARYA daughter of Dion, beloved of Dionysos, rivalry with sisters Lyko and Orphe, transformed into a nut tree, aetiology for Artemis Karyatis (Serv. in Verg. Ecl. 8.29).

[¶635.] KASANDRA. See Philonoe.

[¶636.] KASSANDRA daughter of Priam and Hekabe, twin sister of Helenos, betrothed to Othryoneus (Iliad 13.366), then Koroibos. Apollo gives her gift of prophecy (Iliad 24.699) but curses her when she refuses to sleep with him, with the result that no one believes her prophecies (Aesch. Ag. 1203f.; Apollod. 3.12.5; Hyg. Fab. 93; for a different version: schol. Iliad 7.44). Raped by Aias at fall of Troy (Alcaeus frg. 298 Campbell). Killed by Klytemnestra and Aigisthos (Od. 11.421). Her grave and sanctuary are in Lakonia, where she is equated with Alexandra (Paus. 3.19.6; 3.26.4). Her tomb is at Amyklai, along with tomb of infant sons Teledamos and Pelops (Paus. 2.16.6). A votive relief dedicated to Alexandra (SEG 23.281) dates to about the first century B.C.E. She is possibly the possessor of an oracle at Thalamai under the cult-title Pasiphae (Plut. Agis 9), but see also Pasiphae (2), Ino.

[¶637.] KASSIEPEIA (or Kassiopeia)

[¶638.] 1) daughter of Arabos, wife of Phoinix, mother of Kilix, Phineus, Dorykles, mother of Atumnos by Zeus (Hes. Cat. 138 = schol. AR. 2.178). See Karme.

[¶639.] 2) wife of Kepheus, mother of Andromeda (Ps. Erat. 16; Hyg. Astr. 2.10).

[¶640.] KASSIPHONE daughter of Odysseus and Kirke, sister of Telegonos, married to her half-brother Telemachos, whom she kills because he kills her mother (Lycoph. 808 and schol. 798, 805, 808, 811).

[¶641.] KASTALIA *Nymph, daughter of Achelous, eponym of spring (Paus. 10.8.9-10). Wife of Delphos (schol. Eur. Or. 1094).

[¶642.] KASTIANEIRA wife of Priam, mother of Gorgythion (Iliad 8.302).

[¶643.] KEKROPIDS the daughters of Kekrops, usually Aglauros, Herse, and Pandrosos, but sometimes also Prokris. See under individual names.

[¶644.] KELAINO

[¶645.] 1) See Melantho (1).

[¶646.] 2) daughter of Atlas and Pleione (Hes. Cat. 169 = schol. Pindar Nem. 2.17), one of seven sisters known as the Pleiades, mother of Lykas by Poseidon (Apollod. 3.10.1). See Pleione.

[¶647.] 3) daughter of Danaos and Krino, marries Hyperbios (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶648.] KELOUSA mother of Asopos by Poseidon (Paus. 2.12.4).

[¶649.] KERDO wife of Phoroneus, her tomb in Corinth (Paus. 2.21.1).

[¶650.] KEREBIA mother of Diktys and Polydektes by Poseidon (schol. Lycoph. 838).

[¶651.] KERTHE daughter of Thespios, mother of Iobes by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶652.] KILISSA. See Laodameia (4).

[¶653.] KIRKE *daughter of Helios and Perse(is), sister of Aietes, Pasiphae, Perses (Od. 10.139).

[¶654.] KLEISIDIKE daughter of Keleos, king of Eleusis, and Metaneira, sister of Kallidike, Demo, and Kallithoe (Hom. Hymn 2.109). Sister of Demophoun (Hom. Hymn 2.234). See Kallidike.

[¶655.] KLEISITHYRA. See Meda (1).

[¶656.] KLEITE

[¶657.] 1) daughter of Merops and Perkote. Her tears become a spring of the same name (AR. 1.976; Parthen. 28).

[¶658.] 2) daughter of Danaos and Memphis, marries Kleitos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶659.] KLEITO daughter of Evenor and Leukippe in Plato's myth of Atlantis (Crito 113c).

[¶660.] KLEO. See Leandris.

[¶661.] KLEOBOIA

[¶662.] 1) brings the mysteries of Demeter from Paros to Thasos, depicted by Polygnotos (Paus. 10.28.3).

[¶663.] 2) wife of Phobios in Miletos, conceives an illicit passion for Antheus (Parthen. 14).

[¶664.] KLEOCHAREIA. See Sparte.

[¶665.] KLEODAMEIA daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, marries Diocorystes (correction for Hippodameia at Apollod. 2.1.5, but possibly Phylodameia as in Paus. 4.30.2).

[¶666.] KLEODIKE Trojan captive perhaps invented by Polygnotos (Paus. 10.26.2).

[¶667.] KLEODORA

[¶668.] 1) daughter of Danaos and Polyxo, marries Lixos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶669.] 2) See Polydora (3).

[¶670.] KLEODOXA daughter of Amphion and Niobe (Apollod. 3.5.6). See Niobe.

[¶671.] KLEOLEIA (or Kleola[a]) daughter of Dias, wife of Pleisthenes (Tzetzes Exeg., Ul. p. 68.19 Hermann; cf. Hes. Cat. 194). Elsewhere, she is the wife of Atreus, mother of Pleisthenes (schol. Eur. Or. 4). The exact form of the name is uncertain. See West (1985) 110-12.

[¶672.] KLEOPATRA

[¶673.] 1) daughter of Boreas and Oreithyia, wife of Phineus, rival of Idaia or Eidothea, Phineus' second wife, who persecutes her and her children (schol. Od. 12.69; Soph. Ant. 966; Apollod. 3.15.2-4).

[¶674.] 2) daughter of Idas and Marpessa, known as Alkyone from the cry made by her mother when carried off by Apollo (Iliad 9.556). Wife of Meleager, urges him to return to battle although angry with his mother (Iliad 9.590ff.).

[¶675.] 3) daughter of Tros and Kallirrhoe (Apollod. 3.12.2).

[¶676.] 4) with Periboia (3), the first of the Lokrian maidens sent as expiation for the impiety of Aias (Apollod. Ep. 6.20-21).

[¶677.] 5) daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, marries Agenor (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶678.] 6) daughter of Danaos and Polyxo, marries Hermos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶679.] KLEOPHYLE wife of Lykourgos, mother of Ankaios, Epochos, Amphidamas, and Iasos. She is also called Eurynome (Apollod. 3.9.2).

[¶680.] KLESO. See Tauropolis.

[¶681.] KLYMENE

[¶682.] 1) See Ktimene (2).

[¶683.] 2) Trojan captive in Polygotos' painting (Paus. 10.26.1, citing Stesichorus' Iliou Persis), presumably same as Helen's attendant (Iliad 3.144). See Physadeia.

[¶684.] 3) *Nymph (Iliad 18.47).

[¶685.] 4) daughter of Katreus, sister of Aerope, Apemosyne, Althaimenes, wife of Nauplios, mother of Palamedes, Oiax, and Nausimedon, also called Philyra (Nostoi p. 52. Kinkel) or Hesione (2) (Apollod. 2.1.5 = Hes. frg. 297).

[¶686.] 5) daughter of Minyas and Euryanassa, wife of Phylax, mother of Iphikles, mother of Phaethon by Helios (Od. 11.326 and scholia; Eust. 1688.65), mother of Alkippe, called Etioklymene by Stesichorus (frg. 238 PMG = schol. AR. 1.230-33, where her mother is also said to be Klytodora). In the Nostoi she is mother of Iphikles by Kephalos (Paus. 10.29.6). According to Apollodorus, she is the wife of Iasos or of Schoineus and the mother of Atalante (3.9.2).

[¶687.] 6) Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163). See Periklymene.

[¶688.] 7) mother of Homer, according to the inhabitants of the island of Ios (Paus. 10.24.2). But see Polykaste (2), Themisto (2).

[¶689.] 8) See Alkimede.

[¶690.] 9) See Rhode (1).

[¶691.] KLYTEMNESTRA (or Klytaimestra) daughter of Tyndareos (Od. 24.199), and Leda (Aesch. Ag. 914), sister of Helen, Timandra, Phylonoe, and the Dioskouroi. In some versions she was first married to Tantalos (Paus. 2.22.3), before marriage to Agamemnon, by whom she is the mother of Orestes and various daughters: Iphimede and Elektra (Hes. Cat. 23); Chrysothemis, Laodike, and Iphianassa (Iliad 9.145, 287). Elsewhere, Iphigeneia is included (possibly = Iphimede or Iphianassa). Her adultery with Aigisthos and the murder of Agamemnon (Od. 3.195, 264; 4.512, etc.; Hes. Cat. 176). Motives for her faithlessness: Aphrodite's curse on Tyndareos (Stesich. frg. 223 PMG = schol. Eur. Or. 249), Agamemnon's murder of her first husband (Eur. I.A. 1150), or his sacrifice of Iphigeneia (Pindar Pyth. 11).

[¶692.] KLYTIE

[¶693.] 1) *Okeanid (Hes. Theog. 352).

[¶694.] 2) beloved of Helios, rival of Leukothoe, changed into a heliotrope (Ovid Met. 4.206-70). See Leukothoe.

[¶695.] 3) See Kameiro.

[¶696.] KLYTIPPE daughter of Thespios, mother of Eurykapus by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶697.] KLYTODORA wife of Minyas, mother of Presbon, Periklymene, and Etioklymene (schol. AR. 1.230). See Klymene (5).

[¶698.] KOMAITHO

[¶699.] 1) daughter of Pterelaos king of the Teleboans, she betrays her father and country for love of Amphitryon, who kills her (Apollod. 2.4.7).

[¶700.] 2) (Patrai) priestess of Artemis Triklaria. Her sexual union with Melanippos pollutes temple, and they are sacrificed to end plague (Paus. 7.19.1-10). See Redfield (1990).

[¶701.] KOMBE daughter of Asopos, the river god, also called Chalkis, eponym of city in Euboia (Eust. 279.8; Diod. 4.72), wife of Sakos, mother of the Euboian Korybantes, flees husband to Athens. Another version, transformed into a "Chalkis" bird (Ovid Met. 7.383).

[¶702.] KORKYNE nurse of Ariadne, her tomb in Naxos (Plut. Thes. 20.5).

[¶703.] KORONIDES. See Menippe (3).

[¶704.] KORONIS

[¶705.] 1) daughter of the Lapith Phlegyas, beloved of Apollo, pregnant by him with Asklepios (Hom. Hymn 16.2), she marries Ischys. Apollo is informed by a crow (Hes. Cat. 60 = schol. Pindar Pyth. 3.48). Apollo or Artemis kills her, but Asklepios is rescued by Hermes. Elsewhere called Arsinoe (1) (Paus. 2.26.7); Aigle (Isyllos Paian E 46 Powell). Honored in the Asklepion at Titane (Paus. 2.11.7). See Arsinoe (1).

[¶706.] 2) One of the Hyades (Hes. frg. 291).

[¶707.] KREOUSA

[¶708.] 1) *Naiad, daughter of Okeanos and Gaia, mother of Hypseus and Stilbe by Peneios (Pindar Pyth. 9.16 with schol. to l.27; Diod. 4.69.1).

[¶709.] 2) (Attica) daughter of Erechtheus and Praxithea, mother of Ion by Xuthos or Apollo (Eur. Ion; Strabo 8.7.1). According to Euripides, her sisters are Prokris and Chthonia, but some accounts have four or six sisters. See Oreithyia (2) and Pandora (5).

[¶710.] 3) daughter of Kreon of Thebes, intended wife of Jason, killed by her rival Medea (schol. Eur. Medea. 19,404, and hypothesis). Nameless in Euripides, she is called Glauke elsewhere. See Glauke (2).

[¶711.] 4) daughter of Priam and Hekabe, wife of Aineias, mother of Ascanius (Vergil and Livy). Depicted in Delphi among the captive Trojan women (Paus. 10.26.1).

[¶712.] KRINO

[¶713.] 1) daughter of Antenor, painted by Polygnotos (Paus. 10.27.4).

[¶714.] 2) mother of Kallidike (3), Oime, Kelaino (3), and Hyperippe (2) by Danaos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶715.] KTIMENE

[¶716.] 1) sister of Odysseus, daughter of Antikleia (Od. 15.363ff.). Sometimes considered wife of Eurylochos (schol. Od. 10.441). According to Athenaios, called Phake (Lentil) or Kallisto (4.158c-d).

[¶717.] 2) daughter of Phegeus, seduced by Hesiod, who is then killed by her brothers, said to be the mother of Stesichorus. Also called Klymene (Tzetzes Vit. Hes. 18; Plut. Sept. sap. conviv. 19.162d-f; Cert. Hom. et Hes. 214ff.).

[¶718.] KYDIPPE

[¶719.] 1) mother of Kleobis and Biton (Hdt. 1.31; Paus. 2.20.3), named (Hyg. Fab. 254).

[¶720.] 2) daughter of Keyx, wife of Akontios (Callim. Aitia frg. 67-75 Pfeiffer).

[¶721.] 3) daughter of Ochimos and Rhodo or Rhode, later called Kyrbia, eponym of Kyrbe. She is the mother of Lindos, Ielusos, and Kameiros, by her paternal uncle Kerkaphos (schol. Pindar Ol. 7.131, 132, 135). Or mother is the nymph Hegetoria (Diod. 5.56-57). Plutarch tells the story of her illicit romance with her uncle (Quaest. Gr. 27, 297c-d).

[¶722.] KYRBIA. See Kydippe (3).

[¶723.] KYRENE *Nymph, beloved of Apollo, mother of Aristaios, eponym of N. African colony (Pindar Pyth. 9 with scholia quoting Hes. = frg. 215).

[¶724.] LABDA (Corinth) daughter of Amphion, one of the Bacchiades. Because of her lameness, rejected by nobles, marries Eetion. Mother of Kypselos, who tries to rule Corinth (Hdt. 5.92).

[¶725.] LAKAINA "Spartan woman," used alone always means Helen.

[¶726.] LAMACHE a Lemnian woman, mother of Leukophanes (ancestor of Battos) by the Argonaut Euphemos (schol. Pindar Pyth. 4.455).

[¶727.] LAMIA daughter of Poseidon, mother of the first Sibyl by Zeus (Paus. 10.12.1), mother of Skylla (Stesich. frg. 220 PMG = schol. AR. 4.825-31; Plut. De def. orac. 398c).

[¶728.] LAMPSAKE eponym of Lampsakos, first honored as heroine, then given divine honors (Plut. De mul. virt. 255e; Polyaen. 8.37).

[¶729.] LANASSA daughter of Kleodaios, granddaughter of Hyllus, wife of Neoptolemos (Plut. Pyrrhus 1.2).

[¶730.] LAODAMEIA

[¶731.] 1) daughter of Bellerophon, mother of Sarpedon by Zeus, she is killed by Artemis (Iliad 6.196ff.; Apollod. 3.1.1).

[¶732.] 2) daughter of Akastos, wife of Protesilaos (Eur. Protesilaos). But according to the Kypria, his wife was Polydora (4), daughter of Meleager (Paus. 4.2.7).

[¶733.] 3) daughter of Amyklas king of Lakedaimon, wife of Arkas, mother of Triphylos, Tegean hero (Paus. 10.9.5). See Leaneira.

[¶734.] 4) Orestes' nurse, according to Stesichorus. Called Kilissa by Aeschylus (Stesich. frg. 218 PMG = schol. Aesch. Choe. 733) and Arsinoe by Pindar (Paus. 11.17).

[¶735.] 5) daughter of Alkmaion, wife of Peleus, mother of Polydora (3) (Iliad 16.175). But see Polymele (3), Polydora (3).

[¶736.] 6) See Iphthime.

[¶737.] LAODIKE

[¶738.] 1) daughter of Priam and Hekabe, wife of Helikaon (Iliad 3.122; 6.252). Elsewhere wife of Akamas (Parthen. 16), or Telephos (Hyg. Fab. 101), or Demophon, by whom she is mother of Mounychos (Plut. Thes. 34), or swallowed by the earth at the fall of Troy (Apollod. Ep. 5.23; Lycoph. 316 with schol. to 447).

[¶739.] 2) daughter of Agamemnon and Klytemnestra, with Chryothemis and Iphianassa (Iliad 9.145, 287). See Elektra (5).

[¶740.] 3) descendant of Agapenor of Paphos, sent peplos to Athena Alea in Tegea, founded temple of Aphrodite (Paus. 8.5.2f.; 8.53.7).

[¶741.] 4) See Hyperborean Maidens.

[¶742.] 5) daughter of Kinyras, wife of Elatos, mother of Stymphalos and Pereus (Apollod. 3.9.1).

[¶743.] 6) daughter of Aloeus, wife of Aiolos, mother of Salmoneus and Kretheus (schol. Od. 11.273).

[¶744.] 7) See Iphthime.

[¶745.] 8) daughter of Kyknos (schol. B Iliad 1.138).

[¶746.] 9) daughter of Iphis, mother of Kapaneus (schol. Eur. Phoin. 180).

[¶747.] LAOKOusa. See Arene.

[¶748.] LAOMACHE Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163).

[¶749.] LAONIKE wife of Lebados founder of Lebadeia (Paus. 9.39.1).

[¶750.] LAONOME

[¶751.] 1) daughter of Guneos, wife of Alkaios, mother of Amphitryon (Paus. 8.14.2). Also mother of Anaxo. Elsewhere the mother is Astydameia (4), Lysidike (1), or Hipponome (Apollod. 2.4.5).

[¶752.] 2) daughter of Amphitryon and Alkmene, sister of Herakles and wife of Euphemos (schol. Pindar Pyth. 4.79; Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 886). She is the granddaughter of Laonome (1).

[¶753.] LAOPHONTE

[¶754.] 1) daughter of Pleuron and Xanthippe, sister of Agenor, Sterope, and Stratonike (Apollod. 1.7.7).

[¶755.] 2) See Eurythemis(te).

[¶756.] LAOTHOE

[¶757.] 1) daughter of Thespios, mother of Antiphos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶758.] 2) beloved of Apollo, mother of Thestor, grandmother of Kalchas (Pherec. schol. AR. 1.139).

[¶759.] 3) daughter of Altes, wife of Priam, mother of Kykaon and Polydoros (Iliad 21.85, 22.48).

[¶760.] 4) wife of Porthaon, mother of Sterope, Stratonike, Eurythemiste (Hes. Cat. 26).

[¶761.] 5) wife of the Trojan Klytios (Tzetzes ad Hom. 437f.6).

[¶762.] 6) daughter of Manetos, mother by Hermes of the Argonauts Erytos and Echion (Orph. Arg. 135f.). Elsewhere, their mother is Antianeira (AR. 1.56).

[¶763.] LARISA daughter of Pelargos, eponym of three cities (Paus. 2.24.1).

[¶764.] LARYMNA (Boiotia) daughter of Kynos, eponym of Boiotian city (Paus. 9.23.7).

[¶765.] LATHRIA daughter of Thersandros, she and her twin sister Anaxandra marry the twin sons of Aristodemos, become foremothers of the Spartan kings. Their tomb is near the sanctuary of Lykourgos in Sparta (Paus. 3.16.6).

[¶766.] LEANDRIS wife of Anaxandros, who establishes a cult of Thetis, when her priestess Kleo is captured with an image (xoanon) of the goddess (Paus. 3.14.4).

[¶767.] LEANEIRA daughter of Amyklas, mother of Elatos and Aphidas by Arkas. Other versions give the mother as either Meganeira (for Metaneira?), daughter of Kroko, or the nymph Chrysopeleia (Apollod. 3.9.1). See also Laodameia (3).

[¶768.] LEDA daughter of Thestios and Eurythemis(te), wife of Tyndareos. Mother of Timandra, Klytemnestra, Phylonoe (Hes. Cat. 23), Kastor, Polydeukes, and Helen (schol. Eur. Or. 457). There are differing traditions about the fathers of these children, but according to Apollodoros, Polydeukes and Helen are the children of Zeus, who came to Leda as a swan, while Kastor and Klytemnestra are the children of Tyndareos (3.10.7). The Homeric Hymns call them the Tyndaridai, sons of Zeus (Hom. Hymn 17, 33), although at Od. 11.298ff. they are both sons of Tyndareos. According to Plutarch, Leda is also known as Mnesinoe (De Pyth. Orac. 401b).

[¶769.] LEIMONE (Athens) daughter of Hippomenes, walled up with a horse as punishment for a sexual transgression (Aeschines In Timarchos 182; Ovid Ibis 333, 457). Called Leimonis by Callimachus (frg. 94 Pfeiffer).

[¶770.] LEIPEPHILE(ne) daughter of Iolaus, wife of Phylas, mother of Hippotes and Thero. Through Thero, the grandmother of Chairon, eponym of Chaironeia (Paus. 9.40.6 = Hes. frg. 252).

[¶771.] LEIS (Troizen) daughter of Oros, mother of Althepos by Poseidon (Paus. 2.30.5).

[¶772.] LELANTE wife of Mounichos, king of the Molossians, mother of Alkandros, Megaletor, Philaios, and Hyperippe, changed to a bird (Ant. Lib. 14).

[¶773.] LEMNIAN women. See Hypsipyle(ia).

[¶774.] LEO KORAI (or Leoides) Phasithea (alternate forms: Phrasithea, Praxithea), Theope, and Euboule, the daughters of Leos, eponymous hero of one of the Athenian tribes. He allows them to be sacrificed to end a plague or famine in obedience to an oracle (Paus. 1.5.2). The Leokoreion, a shrine in the Athenian agora, may commemorate them (schol. Dem. 54.7; schol. Thuc. 1.20; Hesych. s.v. Leokorion, Aelian Varia Historia 12.28), although it is possible that the heroines are back-formations derived from the name of the shrine. Sources are collected in Wycherley (1957) 108ff.

[¶775.] LEPREA (Elis) daughter of Pyrgeus, founds Lepreus (Paus. 5.5.5).

[¶776.] LETHAIA wife of Olenos, both changed into stone columns after she challenges a goddess to a beauty contest (Ovid Met. 10.68-71).

[¶777.] LEUKIPPE

[¶778.] 1) playmate of Persephone (Hom. Hymn 2.418).

[¶779.] 2) one of the daughters of Minyas, together with her sisters Alkathoe and Arsinoe (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 38, 299e) or Arsippe (Ant. Lib. 10), she offends either Hera or Dionysos and is driven to kill her son Hippasos. Ovid calls her Leuconoe (Met. 4.168).

[¶780.] 3) wife of Thestios, mother of Iphikles the Argonaut (Hyg. Fab. 14; Bacchyl. 5.128).

[¶781.] 4) wife of Laomedon, mother of Priam (Pherec. I 95 FHG frg. 99; schol. Lycoph. 18), also called Strymo or Plakia (Apollod. 3.12.3). (In Hyg. Fab. 250, she is the mother of Laomedon.)

[¶782.] 5) daughter of Thestor (Hyg. Fab. 190). But see also Zeuxippe (3).

[¶783.] 6) wife of Euenor and mother of Kleito in Plato's myth of Atlantis (Crito 113c).

[¶784.] LEUKIPPIDES daughters of Leukippos stolen by the Dioskouroi. At their sanctuary in Lakonia, young girls also known as Leukippides serve as priestesses (Paus. 3.16.1). See Hilaira, Phoibe (2).

[¶785.] LEUKONOE

[¶786.] 1) daughter of Phosphoros, mother of Philammon by Apollo (Hyg. Fab. 161). Elsewhere his mother is Philonis or Chione (2).

[¶787.] 2) See Leukippe (2).

[¶788.] LEUKOPHRYNE (various spellings) Clement considers her a separate figure buried in the temple of Artemis in Magnesia (Clem. Al. Protr. 3.39), but elsewhere the name appears as an epithet of the goddess (Etym. Mag. 565.16; 599.36).

[¶789.] LEUKOTHEA. See Ino.

[¶790.] LEUKOTHEAI *the Nereids (Alc. frg. 4a Campbell).

[¶791.] LEUKOTHOE daughter of Orchamos, king of Persia, and Eurynome, beloved of Apollo and mother of Thersanor. Her rival Klytie betrays her to her father, who buries her alive. Apollo turns her into a frankincense bush (Hes. frg. 351; Ovid Met. 4.190ff.; Hyg. Fab. 14).

[¶792.] LEUKTRIDES the daughters of Leuktros, who are raped by Spartans and curse Sparta before committing suicide. Their tomb at Leuktra was known as the mnema ton parthenon (tomb of the maidens) and was later the site of a military disaster for Sparta. The same story is told of the daughters of Skedasos. Diodoros includes both groups in his version (Diod. 15.54.2-3; Xen. Hell. 6.4.7). See Molpia.

[¶793.] LIBYE daughter of Epaphos and Memphis, mother of Agenor and Belos by Poseidon. Mother of Lelex by Poseidon (Paus. 1.44.3). Eponym of Libya (Hdt. 4.45; Apollod. 2.1.4).

[¶794.] LOKRIAN Maidens young women sent to Troy to expiate the crime of Aias. See Kleopatra (4), Periboia (3).

[¶795.] LOXO Hyperborean, sister of Hekaerge and Opis, connection with cult of Apollo at Delos, sacrifice of hair at marriage (Callim. Hymn 4.292), perhaps indicates "partner of Loxias."

[¶796.] LYKO. See Karya.

[¶797.] LYSE daughter of Thespios, mother of Eumedes by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶798.] LYSIANASSA

[¶799.] 1) *Nereid (Apollod. 1.2.7).

[¶800.] 2) daughter of Polybos, wife of Talaos (Paus. 2.6.6). See Lysimache (1) for another version.

[¶801.] 3) daughter of Epaphos, mother of Bousiris by Poseidon (Apollod. 2.5.2).

[¶802.] LYSIDIKE

[¶803.] 1) daughter of Pelops and Hippodameia, sister of Astydameia and Nikippe (1) (Hes. Cat. 190), marries one of Perseus' sons, bears either a) Hippothoe to Mestor and Taphios to Poseidon (Apollod. 2.4.5), b) Amphitryon to Alkaios (Paus. 8.14.2), or c) Alkmene to Elektryon (Plut. Thes. 7). See Astydameia (3), Hipponome, and Laonome (1) for alternate versions of b).

[¶804.] 2) one of the companions of Theseus and Ariadne on the Fran;accois vase (Flor. Mus. Arch. 4209).

[¶805.] 3) daughter of the Lapith Koronos, wife of Telemonian Aias, mother of Philios (Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 53).

[¶806.] 4) daughter of Thespios, mother of Teles by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶807.] LYSIMACHE

[¶808.] 1) daughter of Abas, wife of Argive king Talaos (Paus. 2.6.6 calls her Lysianassa). Mother of Adrastos, Parthenopaios, Eriphyle, etc. (Apollod. 1.9.13).

[¶809.] 2) daughter of Priam (Apollod. 3.12.5).

[¶810.] LYSIPPE

[¶811.] 1) daughter of Proitos and Stheneboia (mother called Anteia in Iliad 6.160). With sisters Iphianassa and Iphinoe, struck mad for impiety, cured by Melampos, marries his brother Bias (Apollod. 2.2.2 = Hes. Cat. 131).

[¶812.] 2) daughter of Thespios, mother of Erasippos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶813.] LYTAIA one of Hyakinthides, sacrificed with her sisters Antheis, Aigleis, and Orthaia in Athens (Apollod. 3.15.8).

[¶814.] MAIA one of the seven Pleiades, the daughters of Pleione and Atlas (Apollod. 3.10.1). See Pleione.

[¶815.] MAIRA

[¶816.] 1) *Nereid (Iliad 18.48).

[¶817.] 2) (Argos) daughter of Proitos and Anteia, companion of Artemis, who kills her because she bears a son Lokros to Zeus (Od. 11.326 and Pherec. in schol. A).

[¶818.] 3) (Arcadia) daughter of Atlas, wife of Tegeates son of Lykaon, buried with him in Tegea (Paus. 8.48.6), or in town in Arcadia called Maira (Paus. 8.12.7). Together they sacrifice to Apollo and Artemis (Paus. 8.53.3). Dancing place (choros) of Maira (Paus. 8.8.1).

[¶819.] 4) *a dog belonging to the heroine Erigone (1).

[¶820.] MAKARIA daughter of Herakles and Deianeira, she sacrifices herself for victory over Eurysthenes, spring named for her near Marathon (Eur. Herakleidai; Paus. 1.32.6).

[¶821.] MAKRIS daughter of Aristaios, nurse of Dionysos (AR. 4.1131ff.). But see Nysa.

[¶822.] MANTO

[¶823.] 1) daughter of Tereisias (schol. AR. 1.308; at Diod. 4.66.5 called Daphne), mother of Mopsos by Rhakios or Apollo, of Amphilochis and Teisiphone by Alkmaion (Paus. 9.33.2--one version). Founds oracle of Apollo in Asia Minor. Chair in Ismenion in Thebes (Paus. 9.10.3). Gives command to found Phaselis (Athen. 7.298a).

[¶824.] 2) daughter of Polyidos (Hes. Cat. 136), sister of Astykrateia, grave at Megara (Paus. 1.43.5).

[¶825.] 3) daughter of Melampous. See Iphianeira (1).

[¶826.] MARPESSA

[¶827.] 1) daughter of Aitolian river-god Evenos and Alkippe. Carried off by Idas, then Apollo. Idas wins her from Apollo by force, or Marpessa chooses Idas herself (schol. BT Iliad 9.557 citing Simonides = frg. 563 PMG; Bacchyl. 19; Apollod. 1.7.9; Paus. 5.18.3). Mother of Kleopatra (Iliad 9.556; Apollod. 1.8.2). Kills herself on the death of her husband (Paus. 4.2.7).

[¶828.] 2) pseudo-historical figure, leads Tegean women vs. Spartans. Connected with stele of Ares Gynaikothoinas, her weapons in temple of Athena Alea (Paus. 8.48.4-5). Also called Choira, Perimede (Deinias FGrH 306 F 4).

[¶829.] MARSE daughter of Thespios, mother of Boukolos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶830.] MEDA

[¶831.] 1) wife of Idomeneus, seduced and murdered by Leukos, together with her daughter Kleisithyra (Apollod. Ep. 6.10).

[¶832.] 2) See Iphthime.

[¶833.] 3) daughter of Phylas, wife of Herakles, mother of Antiochos, eponym of Attic phyle Antiochis (Paus. 1.5.2; 10.10.1).

[¶834.] MEDEA (or Medeia) daughter of Aietes and Idyia or Neaira (4), and granddaughter of Helios (Hes. Theog. 961). Elsewhere Hekate is her mother and Kirke her sister (Diod. 4.45.3). When Jason comes to steal the golden fleece from her father, she goes with him, aiding him by murders of her brother Absyrtos and of Jason's enemy Pelias. She is often described as a witch, with the knowledge of poisons, and potions to rejuvenate and to cause fertility. Later abandoned by Jason for the daughter of Kreon, king of Corinth (see Glauke [2]; Kreousa [3]), she takes revenge by killing the king and his daughter, followed by her own children (variously named, see Paus. 2.3.6-11). She goes to Athens, where she is wife of Aigeus. In some versions her children are killed by the Corinthians (schol. Eur. Medea 264). In Thessaly she is connected with the worship of Hekate, in Corinth with Hera and Aphrodite (Plut. De Herodot. malig. 871b). Cult of her children in Corinth at the temple of Hera Akraia (Paus. 2.3.7-8; Eur. Medea 1378ff.). A number of alternate traditions surround her: that she ruled in Corinth with Jason (Simon. frg. 545 = schol. Eur. Medea 19), that she rejuvenated Jason (Simon. frg. 548 PMG = Hypothesis Eur. Medea), and that she was married to Achilles in the Elysian fields (schol. AR. 4.814-5 citing Ibycus and Simonides; Apollod. Ep. 5.5).

[¶835.] MEDESIKASTE

[¶836.] 1) daughter of Priam, betrothed to Imbrios (Iliad 13.173). Among the Trojan captives in Polygnotos' painting (Paus. 10.25.9).

[¶837.] 2) daughter of Laomedon, sister of Priam (Apollod. Ep. 6.15c). With her sisters Aithilla and Astyoche (4), sets the Greek fleet on fire (schol. Lycoph. 921). See Aithilla.

[¶838.] MEDOUSA

[¶839.] 1) daughter of Priam (Stesich. frg. 204 PMG = Paus. 10.26.9; Apollod. 3.12.5).

[¶840.] 2) See Astymedousa.

[¶841.] 3) daughter of Pelias (Hyg. Fab. 24).

[¶842.] 4) daughter of Orsilochos, wife of Polybos (Pherec. in schol. Soph. O.T. 775).

[¶843.] 5) *Gorgon, mortal sister of Stheno and Euryale, who are immortal (Apollod. 2.4.2).

[¶844.] 6) wife of Pisidos, claims greater beauty than Athena, who sends Perseus to kill her (schol. Lycoph. 838).

[¶845.] MEGAKLO daughter of Makar, king of Lesbos (Arnob. 4.24).

[¶846.] MEGAMEDE daughter of Arneus, wife of Thespios, and mother of the fifty daughters with whom Herakles had fifty sons (Apollod. 2.4.10). According to Diodoros (4.29.2) the daughters are by various unnamed mothers. See daughters of Thespios.

[¶847.] MEGARA daughter of Kreon of Thebes, wife of Herakles (Od. 11.269; Pindar Isth. 4.64), mother of the children he kills; in some versions she is killed by him as well (Eur. Herak.). Their children: Therimachos, Deikoun, and Kreontides (schol. Od. 9.269; Apollod. 2.7.8). A fourth son, Deion, is mentioned by Deinias (schol. Pindar Isth. 4.104). A memorial to them in Thebes (Paus. 9.11.2).

[¶848.] MEKIONIKE mother of Euphemos by Poseidon (Hes. frg. 253 = schol. Pindar Pyth. 4.36).

[¶849.] MELAINA. See Melantho (1).

[¶850.] MELANIPPE

[¶851.] 1) daughter of Aiolos and Hippe (2), or Okyr(r)hoe and Apollo (Eur. frg. 482 Nauck), mother of Aiolos and Boiotos by Poseidon. She is the protagonist of two plays by Euripides (frgs. 480-514 Nauck). In the first, Melanippe Desmotis (Captive), she is sent into exile at the home of the king of Metapontos, where her sons are born and exposed. Reared by shepherds, they overcome a plot against them by the queen, Theano, who commits suicide. They are restored to their mother, who marries the king. Diodoros calls her Arne (4.67). In the second play, Melanippe the Wise, the children are apparently exposed closer to home and discovered by Melanippe's father, who is reconciled to them by divine intervention.

[¶852.] 2) Amazon, daughter of Ares, sister of Antiope (AR. 2.966) carried off by Herakles, also called Antiope or Hippolyte (Apollod. Ep. 1.16). See Antiope (2), Hippolyte (1).

[¶853.] 3) daughter of Oineus and Althaia (Ant. Lib. 2 after Nicander).

[¶854.] MELANTHO

[¶855.] 1) daughter of Deukalion, Poseidon mates with her in the form of a dolphin, she bears Delphos (schol. Aesch. Eum. 2; Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 208; Ovid Met. 6.120). According to Pausanias (10.6.3-4) Delphos' mother is also said to be Melaina, daughter of Kephisos; or Kelaino, daughter of Hyamos; or Thyia, daughter of Kastalios. See Thyia (1).

[¶856.] 2) daughter of Dolios, one of the faithless maids in Odysseus' house (Od. 18.321).

[¶857.] MELIA. See Io.

[¶858.] MELIBOIA

[¶859.] 1) See Chloris (2).

[¶860.] 2) wife of Theseus and mother of Aias (Istros quoted in Athen. 13.557a).

[¶861.] MELINE daughter of Thespios, mother of Laomedon by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶862.] MELITE

[¶863.] 1) *Okeanid, companion of Persephone (Hom. Hymn 2.419).

[¶864.] 2) *Nereid (Iliad 18.42; Hes. Theog. 247).

[¶865.] 3) *Naiad, mother of Hyllos by Herakles (AR. 4.538).

[¶866.] 4) eponymous heroine of the Attic deme Melite, daughter of Myrmex, beloved of Herakles who was there initiated into the lesser mysteries (Harpocration. FHG frg. 74 = Hes. Cat. 225). Or daughter of Hoples (schol. Eur. Medea 673; Athen. 13.556f.). But see Meta.

[¶867.] MEMPHIS mother of Kleite (2), Sthenele, and Chrysippe by Danaos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶868.] MENIPPE

[¶869.] 1) *Nereid (schol. AR. 4.58 = Hes. frg. 260).

[¶870.] 2) daughter of Thamyris, mother of Orpheus (Tzetzes Chil. 1 [12] 309).

[¶871.] 3) daughter of Orion, with her sister Metioche instructed in weaving by Athena. They sacrifice themselves to end plague in Boiotia and are honored with a sanctuary as the Koronides (Ant. Lib. 25 after Nicander and Corinna). Ovid (Met. 13.692-99) says that from their ashes arose two young men, known as the Coroni after their mothers, who would perpetuate the race.

[¶872.] MENIPPIS daughter of Thespios, mother of Entelides by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶873.] MEROPE

[¶874.] 1) daughter of Atlas (Hes. Cat. 169 = schol. Pindar Nem. 2.17), she and her six sisters take the name Pleiades from their mother Pleione (Apollod. 3.10.1), wife of Sisyphos, mother of Glaukos (Apollod. 1.9.3). See Pleione.

[¶875.] 2) daughter of Oinopion and Helike, pursued by Orion (Erat. Kat. 32).

[¶876.] 3) daughter of Arkadian Kypselos, wife of Kresphontes, then Polyphontes, mother of Aipytos (Apollod. 2.8.5).

[¶877.] 4) See Periboia (4).

[¶878.] 5) a daughter of Erechtheus and mother of Daidalos, according to the sole testimony of Kleidemos (Plut. Thes. 19.5 = Kleidemos FGrH 323 F 17).

[¶879.] MESSENE (Argos) daughter of Triopas, wife of Polykaon (Paus. 4.1.1), eponym of Messenia, together with Polykaon, establishes a cult of Zeus on Ithome (Paus. 4.3.9), brings Eleusinian mysteries to Andania (4.1.5, 8-9). Honored as a heroine at the founding of Messenia, her temple and statue (Paus. 4.31.11). Pausanias relates that the mythical king Glaukos was the first person to grant her heroic honors (4.3.9).

[¶880.] MESTRA daughter of Erysichthon, granddaughter of Helios (Hes. Cat. 43), has the gift of transformation (schol. Lycoph. 1393; Callim. Hymn 6 for story of Erysichthon). Also known as daughter of Aithon. Wife of Glaukos, mother of Eurypalos by Poseidon. Also called Hypermestra (Ant. Lib. 17 after Nicander).

[¶881.] META daughter of Hoples, first wife of Aigeus before Chalkiope and Medea (Apollod. 3.15.6). But see Melite.

[¶882.] METANEIRA

[¶883.] 1) wife of king Keleos of Eleusis, mother of Kallidike, Kleidike, Demo, Kallithoe, and Demophoun, connection with cult of Demeter (Hom. Hymn 2.161). Her sanctuary on road between Eleusis and Megara (Paus. 1.39.1).

[¶884.] 2) See Leaneira.

[¶885.] METIOCHE

[¶886.] 1) Trojan captive, perhaps invented by Polygnotos (Paus. 10.26.2).

[¶887.] 2) See Menippe (3).

[¶888.] MIDEIA

[¶889.] 1) *Nymph, mother of Aspledon by Poseidon (Paus. 9.38.9ff.).

[¶890.] 2) mother of Likymnios by Electryon (Pindar Ol. 7.29).

[¶891.] MILETIA. See Molpia.

[¶892.] MILYE daughter of Zeus or Ares, sister and wife of Solymos. They are both eponyms of the people called Solymoi or Milyai (Steph. Byz. s.v. Miluai).

[¶893.] MINYADES the daughters of Minyas: Alkathoe, Leukippe (2) (or Leukonoe [2]), and Arsinoe (2) (or Arsippe). Pausanias (2.25.9) mentions "chambers" (thalamoi) of the daughters of Minyas, which may have been a cult-site. See under individual names.

[¶894.] MISE. See Baubo.

[¶895.] MNESINOE. See Leda.

[¶896.] MNESTRA Danaid, marries Aigios (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶897.] MOLI(o)ne wife of Aktor, mother of the twins Kteatos and Eurytos, known either as the Molionidai or the Aktoriones. Their father often given as Poseidon (Hes. Cat. 17 = schol. A. Iliad 11.750), born in a silver egg (Ibycus frg. 285 PMG = Athen. 2.57f-58a).

[¶898.] MOLPADIA

[¶899.] 1) daughter of Staphylos and Chrysothemis, together with sisters Rhoio and Parthenos, leaps off cliff for letting pigs spoil father's wine, Apollo saves them. She becomes Hemithea, goddess of childbearing women in Kastabos. Offerings to her of hydromel, no wine, no pigs (Diod. 5.62-63).

[¶900.] 2) Amazon who kills Antiope (Plut. Thes. 27). She is killed by Theseus and has a tomb in Athens (Paus. 1.2.1).

[¶901.] MOLPIA (Boiotia) daughter of Skedasos, raped by Spartans, together with her sister Hippo. They cursed Sparta before killing themselves. Epaminondas made sacrifice to S. and his daughters before the battle of Leuktra, at which Sparta suffered a serious defeat (Paus. 9.13.5-6; 9.14.3; Plut. Amat. Narr. 774d). Plutarch gives their names as Hippe and Miletia or Theano and Euxippe (773c). See Leuktrides.

[¶902.] MOTHONE daughter of Oineus, eponym of Mothone in Messenia, according to the inhabitants. Pausanias prefers to believe that the city takes its name from a rock (Paus. 4.35.1).

[¶903.] MYKENE daughter of Inachos and Melia (schol. Od. 2.120), wife of Arestor, eponym of Mykenai (Paus. 2.16.4f. citing the Great Ehoiai). Mentioned in Od. 2.120 with Tyro and Alkmene as exemplary heroines.

[¶904.] MYR(r)hine

[¶905.] 1) eponym of Lemnian city Myrrina, daughter of Kretheus, wife of Thoas (schol. AR. 1.601) or Amazon (Dion. Chalc. frg. 2 = FHG 4.393).

[¶906.] 2) daughter of Teukros, wife of Dardanos. She is called "swift Myrina" in the Iliad, and her grave mound in the Troad is known as "Bateia" (Iliad 2.814; Strabo 12.8.6).

[¶907.] MYRMEX (or Myrmix) (Attika) beloved and antagonist of Athena, transformed into an ant, the origin of the Mymidons (Serv. in Verg. Aen. 4.402). Mother of Melite (4).

[¶908.] MYRTO

[¶909.] 1) daughter of Menoitios, sister of Patroklos, mother of Eukleia by Herakles (Plut. Arist. 20.6).

[¶910.] 2) woman who gave her name to the Sea of Myrto, according to the antiquarians of Euboia (Paus. 8.14.12).

[¶911.] NAUSIKAA daughter of Alkinous and Arete, king and queen of the Phaiakians (Od. 6.17; Apollod. Ep. 7.25; Hyg. Fab. 125). A later tradition has her marry Telemachos (Eust. 1796.42 citing Aristotle and Hellanicus).

[¶912.] NEAIRA

[¶913.] 1) *beloved of Helios, mother of Lampetie and Phaethousa (Od. 12.133).

[¶914.] 2) wife of Strymon, mother of Euadne (Apollod. 2.1.2).

[¶915.] 3) (Arkadia) daughter of Pereus, wife of Aleos, mother of Auge (Apollod. 3.9.1). Or wife of Autolykos (Paus. 8.4.6).

[¶916.] 4) wife of Aietes, also called Idyia (schol. AR. 3.242).

[¶917.] 5) daughter of Amphion and Niobe, also called Ethodaia (Apollod. 3.5.6).

[¶918.] NELO Danaid, marries Menemachos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶919.] NEMEA daughter of Asopos, eponym of Nemea in the Argolid (Paus. 2.15.3).

[¶920.] NEPHELE

[¶921.] 1) wife of Athamas, mother of Phrixos and Helle, rival of Ino (Apollod. 1.9.1; Hyg. Fab. 1-3) or Themisto. See Ino.

[¶922.] 2) image made by Zeus to deflect Ixion from his attempt on Hera, by him, mother of the Centaur (Pind. Pyth. 2.36ff.; Diod. 4.12, 4.69).

[¶923.] NESO

[¶924.] 1) *Nereid (Hes. Theog. 261).

[¶925.] 2) daughter of Teukros, king of the Troad, wife of Dardanos, mother of Sybilla, Bateia, Erichthonios, and Ilos (Lycoph. 1465 with schol.; Arrian FGrH 156 F 95).

[¶926.] NIKAGORA historical figure from Sikyon, wife of Echetimos, founder of the cult of Asklepios in Sikyon, brought god in form of a snake to Epidauros (Paus. 2.10.3).

[¶927.] NIKE daughter of Thespios, mother of Nikodromos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶928.] NIKIPPE

[¶929.] 1) daughter of Pelops and Hippodameia, sister of Asydameia and Lysidike (Hes. Cat. 190), wife of Sthenelos (Hes. Cat. 191), mother of Alkyone (3), Medousa (2) (or Astymedousa), and Eurystheus (Apollod. 2.4.5). Also called Antibia (schol. Iliad 19.119) or Archippe (Tzetzes Chil. ii.172, 192).

[¶930.] 2) daughter of Thespios, mother of Antimachos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶931.] 3) priestess of Demeter in Thessaly (Callim. Hymn 6.42).

[¶932.] NIOBE daughter of Tantalos, wife of Amphion (schol. BT. Iliad 24.602 cites alternate fathers and husbands), originally a companion of Leto (Sappho frg. 142 Lobel-Page), she boasts of having more children than the goddess. The exact number of children varies, with ten sons and daughters according to Hesiod, six of each according to Homer (Apollod. 3.5.6; list of names: schol. Eur. Phoin. 159). Apollo and Artemis kill all, or all but one son and one daughter, and Niobe turns to stone from grief (Iliad 24.599-620; Apollod. 3.5.6). Pausanias tells of the children's tomb at Thebes (9.16.7) and the temple to Leto erected by the survivors (2.21.9). See Chloris (2).

[¶933.] NONAKRIS wife of Lykaon, eponym of the Arcadian town (Paus. 8.17.6).

[¶934.] NYKTIMENE daughter of king Epopeus of Lesbos, seduced by her father, gives birth in the wild, is changed to an owl by Athena (Hyg. Fab. 204, 253; Ovid Met. 2.589-95).

[¶935.] NYSA daughter of Aristaios (Diod. 3.70.1), nurse of Dionysos (Terp. frg. 8 in Lydus Mens. 4.51). Cult in Athens (CIA III 320, 351). On a vase by Sophilos (dinos, Athens, Nat. Mus. Akr. 587, c. 580), there is a group of women labeled Nysai, but this is most likely a misspelling for Musai (see Carpenter [1986] 9). See also Makris.

[¶936.] OGYGIA daughter of Amphion and Niobe (Apollod. 3.5.6).

[¶937.] OICHALIA wife of Melanaos, eponym of Oichalia in Messenia (Paus. 4.2.2).

[¶938.] OIME daughter of Danaos and Krino, marries Arbelos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶939.] OINO. See Oinotrop(h)oi.

[¶940.] OINOE eponym of Oinoe, one of the four cities of the Marathonian Tetrapolis (Paus. 1.33.8).

[¶941.] OINONE

[¶942.] 1) *Nymph, daughter of Kebren, sister of Asterope (2). The first wife of Paris, she fails to prevent him from going after Helen, refuses to heal his wounds, later repents but finds him dead and hangs herself (Apollod. 3.12.6; Conon Narr. 23; Parthen. 4).

[¶943.] 2) daughter of Oineus (Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 57).

[¶944.] OINOTROP(h)oi Oino, Spermo, and Elais, daughters of Anios and Rhoio, and thus descendants of Dionysos and Apollo. They have the ability to turn whatever they touch into wine, grain, or oil (hence their names) and for this reason, the Atreides carried them off to provision the army at Troy (schol. Od. 6.164 citing Simonides). They prayed to Dionysos, who changed them to doves (Lycoph. 570ff.; Ovid Met. 13.650-74).

[¶945.] OKYALE Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163).

[¶946.] OKYPETE daughter of Danaos and Pieria, marries Lampos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶947.] OKYR(r)hoe

[¶948.] 1) *Okeanid (Hes. Theog. 360).

[¶949.] 2) companion of Persephone (Hom. Hymn 2.420). Perhaps same as (1).

[¶950.] 3) daughter of the river god Imbrasos and Chesias. Raped by Apollo (AR. in Athen. 7.283e; Aelian Historia animalium 15.23, unnamed).

[¶951.] 4) daughter of Cheiron, mother of Melanippe by Apollo, transformed by the gods into a horse because she prophesied to mortals (Eur. frg. 482; Ovid Met. 2.635-75; Erat. Kat. 18; Hyg. Astr. 2.18). Also called Hippe (2) or Hippo.

[¶952.] OLYMPOUSA daughter of Thespios, mother of Halokrates by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶953.] OMPHALE daughter of Iardanos, ruler of Lydia after the death of her husband Tmolos (Apollod. 2.6.3). Herakles serves her for three years as punishment. Their son Agelaos, founder of a Lydian dynasty (Apollod. 2.7.8). Elsewhere, their son is Lamos (Diod. 4.31.8; Ovid Her. 9.53ff.).

[¶954.] OPIS. See Hyperborean Maidens.

[¶955.] OREIA daughter of Thespios, mother of Laomenes by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶956.] OREITHYIA

[¶957.] 1) *Nereid (Iliad 18.48).

[¶958.] 2) (Attika) daughter of Erechtheus and Praxithea, carried off by Boreas. Mother of Kleopatra (1), and Chione (1), and the winged brothers Kalais and Zetes (Apollod. 3.15.1-2; AR. 1.212 with scholion citing Simonides and Pherecydes; Plato, Phaidr. 229bc). During the Persian Wars, the Athenians sacrificed to Boreas and Oreithyia at Chalcis (Hdt. 7.189). For her sisters, see Pandora (5).

[¶959.] ORPHE. See Karya.

[¶960.] ORTHAIA. See Lytaia.

[¶961.] ORSILOCHE(ia) name of Iphigeneia when made immortal (Ant. Lib. 27 after Nicander). According to Ammianus Marcellinus (22.8.34), an epithet of Artemis in the Tauric Chersonese.

[¶962.] ORSOBIA (Corinth) daughter of Deiphontes and Hyrnetho, who together with her father and brothers sets up a shrine to their sister Hyrnetho after she is killed. Wife of Pamphylos (Paus. 2.28.6). See Hyrnetho.

[¶963.] OTRERE Amazon, mother by Ares of Hippolyte (2) (Hyg. Fab. 30) and of Penthesileia. Or she is the daughter of Ares and Armenia (schol. A. Iliad 3.189). She built the temple of Diana (Artemis) of Ephesos (Hyg. Fab. 223, 225). See also Antiope (1), Melanippe (2).

[¶964.] PALLAS daughter of Triton, inadvertently killed by Athena, who made the Palladium in memory of her (Apollod. 3.12.3; schol. Lycoph. 355 and 519).

[¶965.] PALLENE

[¶966.] 1) one of the daughters of Alkyoneus. See Alkippe (1).

[¶967.] 2) daughter of Sithon and the nymph Mendeis, marries Kleitos despite father's opposition (theme of contest between suitors). (Parthen. 6; Conon 10). Wife of Dionysos (Nonnus Dion. 48.90ff.).

[¶968.] PAMMEROPE daughter of Keleos (Paus. 1.38.3). See Saisara.

[¶969.] PANDAREOS, daughters of. See Kameiro.

[¶970.] PANDORA

[¶971.] 1) *epithet of Gaia (Philostr. Apoll. 6.39).

[¶972.] 2) *goddess connected with Hekate (Orph. Arg. 980).

[¶973.] 3) woman created and given to men as revenge for the theft of fire by Prometheus (Hes. Theog. 570-616; Hes. WD 81; Paus. 1.24.7; Apollod. 1.7.2).

[¶974.] 4) daughter or wife of Deukalion, bore Graikos to Zeus (Hes. Cat. 2 = schol. AR. 3.1086; Hes. Cat. 5 = Lydus de Mens 1.13).

[¶975.] 5) daughter of Erechtheus, who sacrifices herself together with her sister Protogeneia, known as the Hyakinthides or the Parthenoi (Phanodemos FGrH 325 F 4). Phanodemos lists four other daughters: Oreithyia, Prokris, Kreousa, and Chthonia. See Hyakinthides, Praxithea.

[¶976.] PANDROSOS

[¶977.] 1) daughter of Kekrops and Aglauros (1), sister of Herse and Aglauros (2). Of the three sisters, she is the only one who obeys the injunction not to look in the basket entrusted to them by Athena (Paus. 1.2.6; Apollod. 3.14.6). She had a shrine, the Pandroseion, on the Akropolis in Athens and an apparent role in the festival of the Arrephoria (Paus. 1.27.2). A drinking-song credits her for victory over the Persians (Athen. 15.694d). The name is also an epithet of Athena (schol. Aristoph. Lys. 439). See Aglauros, Herse (1).

[¶978.] PANOPE(ia)

[¶979.] 1) *Nereid (Iliad 18.45; Hes. Theog. 250).

[¶980.] 2) daughter of Thespios, mother of Threpsippas by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶981.] PANTHALIS servant of Helen, in the painting by Polygnotos of the fall of Troy (Paus. 10.25.4).

[¶982.] PARIA mother of sons of Minos (Apollod. 3.1.2).

[¶983.] PARTHENIA sister of Phorbas and Periergos (Athen. 6.262f.).

[¶984.] PARTHENOPE daughter of Stymphalos, mother of Eueres by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶985.] PARTHENOS sister of Molpadia and Rhoio. Her honors and sanctuary in Boubastos (Diod. 5.62). See Molpadia (1) and Rhoio (1).

[¶986.] PASIPHAE

[¶987.] 1) daughter of Helios and Perseis (AR. 3.999); mother of, among others, Androgeos, Ariadne, Phaidra (Apollod. 3.1.2); wife of Minos; mother of the Minotaur (Apollod. 3.15.8).

[¶988.] 2) the possessor of an oracle at Thalamai in Lakonia, identified by Plutarch (Agis 9) as either (a) the daughter of Atlas, mother of Ammon by Zeus, or (b) the daughter of Priam, usually called Kassandra, given name Pasiphae "because she declared her oracles to all," or (c) the daughter of Amyklas, called Daphne, who fled Apollo and became a tree with oracular powers. (For other references to the oracle, see Paus. 10.7.8; 8.20.2ff.; Parthen. 15). See also Daphne, Ino, Kassandra, Manto (1).

[¶989.] PATRO daughter of Thespios, mother of Archemachos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶990.] PEIRENE

[¶991.] 1) daughter of Achelous, mother of Leches and Kenchrias by Poseidon (Paus. 2.2.3), or daughter of Asopos (Diod. 4.72), wife of Sisyphos (schol. Eur. Medea 69), eponym of spring (Paus. 2.5.1). Or transformed into a spring because of her tears over Kenchrias when he is killed accidentally by Artemis (Paus. 2.3.2). According to the Great Ehoiai, daughter of Oibalos (Paus. 2.2.3).

[¶992.] 2) Danaid, marries Agaptolemos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶993.] PEISIDIKE

[¶994.] 1) daughter of Aiolos and Ainarete, wife of Myrmidon, mother of Antiphos and Aktor (Hes. Cat. 10a.33, 100; Apollod. 1.7.3-4).

[¶995.] 2) daughter of Nestor and Anaxibia (2), sister of Polykaste (Hes. Cat. 35, 36 restored; Apollod. 1.9.9) or she is the daughter of Pelias and Anaxibia (2) or Phylomache; her sisters are Polykaste, Pelopeia, Hippothoe, and Alkestis (Apollod. 1.9.10) or Medousa in place of Polykaste (Hyg. Fab. 24).

[¶996.] 3) daughter of Lepethymnos in Methymna, betrayed town for love of Achilles, who had her stoned (Parthen. 21).

[¶997.] 4) (Boiotia) daughter of Leukon, sister of Euippe and Hyperippe (Hes. Cat. 70.10 restored).

[¶998.] PEISIS Trojan captive, depicted by Polygnotos in the Lesche at Delphi (Paus. 10.26.2).

[¶999.] PELARGE (Boiotia) daughter of Potneios, together with husband Isthmiades revives cult of Kabeiroi, receives cultic honors (Paus. 9.25.7-8).

[¶1000.] PELOPEIA

[¶1001.] 1) daughter of Pelias and Anaxibia (2) or Phylomache (Apollod. 1.9.10; Hyg. Fab. 24; AR. 1.326), mother by Ares of Kyknos (Apollod. 2.7.7).

[¶1002.] 2) daughter of Amphion and Niobe (Apollod. 3.5.6).

[¶1003.] 3) daughter of Thyestes who, acting on an oracle, begets Aigisthos by her, to be the avenger of the murder of Thyestes' other children (Apollod. Ep. 2.14; Hyg. Fab. 87, 88; schol. Eur. Or. 14).

[¶1004.] PENELOPE daughter of Ikarios and Periboia, sister of Thoas, Damasippos, Imeusimos, Aletes, and Perileos (Apollod. 3.10.6; her mother is called Asterodia by Pherecydes, Polykaste daughter of Lygaios by Strabo 10.2.24). In the Odyssey she is sister of Iphthime, wife of Odysseus, and mother of Telemachos. Often connected with Arkadia, in some traditions she is mother of Pan by Hermes or Apollo (Pindar frg. 90; Hdt. 2.145, etc.) or by the suitors (with a possible pun on pan = "all," Lycoph. 772). Her grave in Mantineia (Paus. 8.12.6). In the Telegony she marries Telegonos, Odysseus' son by Kirke (Apollod. Ep. 37; Telegony p. 58 Kinkel).

[¶1005.] PENTHESILEIA (Amazon) daughter of Otrere (schol. A. Iliad 3.189), fights with Trojans at end of war, killed by Achilles. His love for her told in the Aithopis (p. 33 Kinkel; also Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 997, 999; Hyg. Fab. 112; Apollod. Ep. 5.1).

[¶1006.] PERIBOIA

[¶1007.] 1) *Naiad, wife of Ikarios, mother of Penelope and five sons. Also called Asterodia (Strabo 10.2.24). See Polykaste (1), Penelope.

[¶1008.] 2) daughter of Eurymedon, mother of Nausithous by Poseidon (Od. 7.57).

[¶1009.] 3) with Kleopatra (4), first of Lokrian maidens sent as expiation to Troy (Apollod. Ep. 6.20-21).

[¶1010.] 4) wife of Polybos of Corinth, foster-mother of Oidipous (Apollod. 3.5.7; Hyg. Fab. 66-67). In Sophocles and elsewhere called Merope.

[¶1011.] 5) daughter of Alkathous of Megara, wife of Telemon, mother of Aias (schol. A. Iliad 16.14; Paus. 1.42.2). According to Plutarch, she is raped by Telemon, cast out by her father, and then rescued by Telemon (Parall. 27.312b). As a young girl, she is sent as tribute to Crete, Minos attempts to rape her during the voyage, and she is defended by Theseus (Bacchyl. Ode 17.8-16; Paus. 1.42,2; 1.17.3). Bacchylides and others (Paus. 1.6.45; Soph. Aias 569) call her E(e)riboia. She is depicted (as Epiboia) on the Fran;accois vase (Flor. Mus. Arch. 4209). A Phereboia is listed among Theseus' wives (Pherec. in Athen. 13.557b). See LIMC s.v. "Eriboia."

[¶1012.] 6) daughter of Hipponous, second wife of Oineus, mother of Tydeus. According to Hesiod, she was sent to Oineus to be killed when her father discovered that she had been seduced by Hippostratos. But see Gorge (1).

[¶1013.] PERIGUNE daughter of Sinis (killed by Theseus), mother by him of Melanippos. Theseus gave her to Deioneus, by whom she is the mother of Nisos of Megara (Plut. Thes. 8; Athen. 13.557a).

[¶1014.] PERIKLYMENE daughter of Minyas and Klytodora, wife of Pheres, mother of Admetos (schol. AR. 1.230; Hyg. Fab. 14). Elsewhere called Klymene (schol. Eur. Alk. 16) or Etioklymene (Stesich. frg. 54). Or Etioklymene is her sister and the mother of Iphikles or Jason (schol. AR. 1.230). See Klymene (5).

[¶1015.] PERIMEDE

[¶1016.] 1) daughter of Aiolos and Ainarete, sister of Amphitryon, mother of Hippodamas and Orestes by Achelous, wife of Likymnios (Apollod. 1.7.3).

[¶1017.] 2) See Marpessa (2).

[¶1018.] 3) See Polymele.

[¶1019.] 4) See Agamede.

[¶1020.] PERIMELE daughter of Admetos, wife of Argos, mother of Magnes (Ant. Lib. 23 = Hes. frg. 256; schol. Eur. Alk. 264).

[¶1021.] PERIOPIS. See Polymele (4).

[¶1022.] PERKOTE. See Kleite (1).

[¶1023.] PERO

[¶1024.] 1) mother of Asopos by Poseidon (Apollod. 3.12.6 with other versions).

[¶1025.] 2) daughter of Neleus and Chloris (Od. 11.287; Hes. Cat. 37), wife of Bias, mother of the Argonauts Laodikos, Areios, Talaos.

[¶1026.] 3) See Xanthippe (2).

[¶1027.] PERSE(is) *daughter of Okeanos and Tethys, wife of Helios, mother of Aietes, Kirke, Pasiphae, Perses (Od. 10.139).

[¶1028.] PHAIDRA daughter of Minos and Pasiphae (Od. 11.321), sister of Ariadne and Deukalion, second wife of Theseus, mother of Demophon and Akamas. Her love for Hippolytos brings about a rape accusation and suicide (Eur. Hipp.; Plut. Thes. 28; Diod. 4.62). Brought cult-images of Eileithyia from Crete (Paus. 1.18.5), founded temple of Aphrodite Kataskopia or the temple was renamed for her spying there on Hippolytos (Paus. 2.32.3). Her tomb at Troizen (Paus. 2.32.4). See Ariadne, Iope.

[¶1029.] PHAKE. See Ktimene (1).

[¶1030.] PHARTIS Danaid, marries Eurydamas (Apollod. 2.1.5). Possible corruption of Phainarete or Phare.

[¶1031.] PHASITHEA. See Leo korai.

[¶1032.] PHEMONOE first Pythia at Delphi, inventor of the hexameter (Paus. 10.5.7; Strabo 9.3.5). Daughter of Apollo (Pliny NH 10.3.7).

[¶1033.] PHENO (Athens) daughter of Klytios, wife of Laomedon, mother of Zeuxippe (2) (Paus. 2.6.5).

[¶1034.] PHEREBOIA. See Periboia (5).

[¶1035.] PHERENIKE. See Kallipateira.

[¶1036.] PHIALO daughter of Alkimedon, mother of Aichmagoras by Herakles, who rescues them when they are exposed by her father (Paus. 8.12.2-4).

[¶1037.] PHILODAMEIA. See Kleodameia, Phylodameia.

[¶1038.] PHILOMELE in Attic version of myth, daughter of Pandion and Zeuxippe, sister of Prokne, wife of Tereus. The sisters kill Itys to punish his father Tereus for the rape of Philomele and are changed into birds (Od. 19.518 with schol.; Sappho frg. 135 Lobel-Page; Soph. Tereus frgs. 523-38 Nauck; Apollod. 3.14.8; Hyg. Fab. 45). See Aedon, Prokne.

[¶1039.] PHILONIS daughter of Deion, mother of Philammon by Apollo, and Autolykos by Hermes (Hes. Cat. 64). See Leukonoe (1), Chione (2).

[¶1040.] PHILONOE daughter of Lydian king Iobates, betrothed to Bellerophon (Apollod. 2.3.2), also called Antikleia (4) (schol. Pindar Ol. 13.82), Kasandra (schol. A. Iliad 6.155). Also spelled Phylonoe.

[¶1041.] PHILONOME daughter of Kragasos, second wife of Kyknos of Kolonai, accuses Kyknos' son by first marriage Tennes of sexual advances, and he is exiled. When Kyknos discovers the truth, he buries Philonome alive. (Paus. 10.14.2; Apollod. Ep. 3.24).

[¶1042.] PHILYRA

[¶1043.] 1) Okeanid, mother of Cheiron by Kronos (Titan. 8. Allen = schol. AR. 1.554).

[¶1044.] 2) See Klymene (4).

[¶1045.] PHOIBE

[¶1046.] 1) *Titan, daughter of Ouranos and Gaia, mother of Leto, Asteria, Hekate by Koios (Hes. Theog. 136, 404).

[¶1047.] 2) daughter of Leukippos, with her sister Hilaira, carried off by the Dioskouroi (Apollod. 3.10.3). Mother of Mnesilaos by Polydeukes (Apollod. 3.11.2). See Hilaira.

[¶1048.] PHRASITHEA. See Leo korai.

[¶1049.] PHRONIME (Crete) daughter of Etearchos, mother of Battos, founder of Kyrene (Hdt. 4.154f.).

[¶1050.] PHTHIA

[¶1051.] 1) daughter of Amphion and Niobe (Apollod. 3.5.6).

[¶1052.] 2) girl from Aigion, visited by Zeus in the form of a pigeon (Athen. 9.395a citing Autokrates in his history of Achaia).

[¶1053.] PHYLEIS daughter of Thespios, mother of Tigasis by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶1054.] PHYLO servant of Helen (Od. 4.125, 133).

[¶1055.] PHYLODAMEIA Danaid, mother of Phares (Paus. 7.22.5). See Kleodameia.

[¶1056.] PHYLOMACHE daughter of Amphion, wife of Pelias, mother of Akastos, Peisidike, Pelopeia, Hippothoe, and Alkestis, but see Anaxibia (2) (Apollod. 1.9.10).

[¶1057.] PHYLOMEDOUSA wife of Areithous, mother of Menestheus (Iliad 7.10).

[¶1058.] PHYLONOE

[¶1059.] 1) daughter of Leda and Tyndareos, made immortal by Artemis (Hes. Cat. 23a.10-12; Apollod. 3.10.6), honored in Lakonia (Athenagoras 1).

[¶1060.] 2) See Philonoe.

[¶1061.] PHYLONOME daughter of Nyktimos and Arkadia, a companion of Artemis. Seduced by Ares, mother of twins Lykastos and Parrhasios, rulers of Arkadia (Plut. Parall. 36, 314e).

[¶1062.] PHYSADEIA

[¶1063.] 1) daughter of Danaos, eponym of spring in Argos (Callim. H. 5.47).

[¶1064.] 2) sister of Peirithous stolen by the Dioskouroi with Aithra (Hyg. Fab. 79); also called Klymene (2).

[¶1065.] PHYSKOA beloved of Dionysos, mother by him of Narkaios, with whom she founds the cult of Dionysos in Elis. She is honored at Olympia with a chorus (Paus. 5.16.6-7). Her name is perhaps connected with the city of Physkos where a similar chorus was set up in honor of Dionysos (see no. 181 in Sokolowski [1969] 318-19).

[¶1066.] PIERIA

[¶1067.] 1) *Naiad, mother of six of the Danaids (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶1068.] 2) wife of Oxylos, mother of Aitolos and Laios. Aitolos received hero cult in Elis (Paus. 5.4.4).

[¶1069.] PITANE mother of Euadne by Poseidon (Pindar Ol. 6.46ff. with scholia).

[¶1070.] PLAKIA. See Leukippe (4).

[¶1071.] PLATAIA (Boiotia) wife or fictive wife of Zeus, aition of festival of the Daidala, her heroon at Plataia (Paus. 9.3.1-9).

[¶1072.] PLEIADES the daughters of Atlas and Pleione. They are sometimes called the Peleiades, "doves" (Simon. frg. 555 PMG; Athen. 11.489e-491d). See Pleione.

[¶1073.] PLEIONE Okeanid, wife of Atlas, mother of the Pleiades (schol. Pindar Nem. 2.17; Apollod. 3.10.1; Hyg. Astr. 2.21). Apollodoros lists the Pleiades as Alkyone, Merope, Kelaino, Elektra, Sterope, Taygete, and Maia, also referring to them as the Atlantides (see also Hes. WD 382). See also Hesione (3).

[¶1074.] PODARKE daughter of Danaos and Pieria, marries Oineus (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶1075.] POLYBOIA

[¶1076.] 1) sister of Hyakinthos, carried to heaven with him (Paus. 3.19.4). Hesychius (s.v. Poluboia) calls her a goddess identified with Artemis or Kore.

[¶1077.] 2) daughter of Oikles and Hypermestra (2), sister of Iphianeira (2) and Amphiaraos (Diod. 4.68).

[¶1078.] POLYDAMNA wife of Thon, an Egyptian woman who gives Helen healing drugs (Od. 4.228).

[¶1079.] POLYDORA

[¶1080.] 1) *Okeanid (Hes.Theog. 354).

[¶1081.] 2) Danaid, mother of Dryops by Spercheios (Ant. Lib. 32 after Nicander). But see Dia (3).

[¶1082.] 3) daughter of Peleus and Polymele (3), half-sister of Achilles, wife of Boros, mother of Menesthios by him or by the god Spercheios (Iliad 16.173ff.; Hes. Cat. 213). Also called Kleodora (Zenodotus cited in schol. T. Iliad 16.175). Elsewhere she is the daughter of Peleus and Antigone (1) (Apollod. 3.13.1) or Eurydike (10) or Laodameia (5) (schol. AT. Iliad 16.175). Elsewhere (3.13.4) Apollodorus has Polydora the daughter of Perieres as wife of Peleus, but this may be a confusion with Polymele (3).

[¶1083.] 4) daughter of Meleager and Kleopatra (2), wife of Protesilaos (Paus. 4.2.7 after the Kypria), elsewhere called Laodameia.

[¶1084.] 5) Amazon (Hyg. Fab. 163).

[¶1085.] 6) See Arene.

[¶1086.] POLYKASTE

[¶1087.] 1) (Akarnania) daughter of Lygaios, wife of Ikarios, mother of Penelope (Strabo 10.2.24), but see Periboia (1).

[¶1088.] 2) daughter of Nestor and Eurydike (3) or Anaxibia (2), bathes Telemachos (Od. 3.464f.). Bears him a son, Perseptolis (Hes. Cat. 221). Later tradition makes her Homer's mother, also called Epikaste (Cert. Hom. et Hes. 39). But see Klymene (7), Themisto (2).

[¶1089.] 3) daughter of Aethlios and Kalyke, wife of Elektor (Hes. Cat. 10a).

[¶1090.] POLYKRITE (Naxos) saves her city by seducing Diognotos, the enemy leader, accidently killed, buried with Diognotos, receives yearly sacrifice (Polyaen. 8.36; Parthen. 9).

[¶1091.] POLYMEDE

[¶1092.] 1) See Polymele (1).

[¶1093.] 2) wife of Neleus, mother of Nestor (Tzetzes Alleg. Iliad 1.96). But see Chloris (2).

[¶1094.] POLYMELE

[¶1095.] 1) daughter of Autolykos, wife of Aison, mother of Jason, also called Polymede (Apollod. 1.9.16), Alkimede, Polypheme (Hes. Cat. 38 = schol. Iliad 12.69), Perimede, Amphinome (Diod. 4.50.1 where she commits heroic suicide when threatened by Pelias). Her mother is Neaira (Paus. 8.4.6). See Alkimede.

[¶1096.] 2) daughter of Phylas, mother of Eudoros by Hermes, wife of Echekles (Iliad 16.180).

[¶1097.] 3) daughter of Aktor, wife of Peleus before Thetis, mother of Polydora (3). (Pherec. in schol. Iliad 16.175).

[¶1098.] 4) daughter of Peleus, wife of Menoitios, mother of Patroklos, although some say his mother is Sthenele or Periopis (Apollod. 3.13.8).

[¶1099.] POLYPHEME. See Polymele (1).

[¶1100.] POLYPHONTE daughter of Hipponous and Thrassa, granddaughter of Ares, companion of Artemis. She offends Aphrodite, who causes her to mate with a bear, by whom she has two monstrous sons, Agrios and Oreios. They are all transformed into birds (Ant. Lib. 21 after Boios).

[¶1101.] POLYXENE daughter of Priam and Hekabe, sacrificed on Achilles' tomb by his son Neoptolemos. Sometimes Achilles is said to have been in love with her (schol. Lycoph. 323). The episode is not in Homer but appears in art (Tyrrhenian neck-amphora, LIMC s.v. "Polyxene" 26; also Iliou Persis p. 50 Kinkel; Ibycus frg. 307 PMG; Eur. Hekabe; Apollod. Ep. 5.23). Sophocles wrote a Polyxene, now lost.

[¶1102.] POLYXO

[¶1103.] 1) *Naiad, wife of Danaos, mother of several of the Danaids (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶1104.] 2) wife of Nykteus, mother of Antiope (1) (Apollod. 3.10.1).

[¶1105.] 3) Argive, companion of Helen, wife of Tlepolemos. Later hangs her in revenge for the death of her husband in Trojan War (Paus. 3.19.9), giving rise to the cult of Helen Dendritis.

[¶1106.] 4) nurse of Hypsipyle (AR. 1.668).

[¶1107.] PRAXITHEA

[¶1108.] 1) (Attika) daughter of Kephisos, wife of Erechtheus, mother of Prokris, Chthonia, and Kreousa (Eur. Erechtheus frgs. passim: Chthonia and two unnamed sisters); also Oreithyia, Kekrops, Pandoros, and Metion (Apollod. 3.15.1), Pandora (5), and Protogeneia. One or more of her daughters is sacrificed to save city (Eur. Erechtheus frgs. 349-70 Nauck; Phanod. FGrH 325 F 4). Elsewhere she is the daughter of Phrasimos and Diogeneia (2) (Apollod. 3.15.1).

[¶1109.] 2) *Naiad, wife of Erichthonios, mother of Pandion (Apollod. 3.14.6), some confusion with (1).

[¶1110.] 3) See Leo korai.

[¶1111.] 4) daughter of Thespios, mother of Nephos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶1112.] 5) possibly daughter of Keleos and Metaneira, discovers Demeter putting Demophoun in the fire and cries out (Apollod. 1.5.1).

[¶1113.] PROITIDES daughters of Proitos and Sthenboia (or Anteia) driven mad for impiety. See Lysippe (1), Iphianassa (1), Iphinoe (3).

[¶1114.] PROKLEIA daughter of Klytios, sister of Kaletor, wife of Kyknos of Kolonai, mother of Tennes and Hemithea (Paus. 10.14.2).

[¶1115.] PROKNE daughter of Pandion and Zeuxippe, sister of Philomele, wife of Tereus. The sisters kill Prokne's son Itys in revenge for Tereus' rape of Philomele and are tranformed into birds. At Daulis in Phokis, there was a sanctuary of Athena with a statue brought by Prokne (Paus. 10.4.9). See Philomele for sources. See Aedon for another version of the myth.

[¶1116.] PROKRIS

[¶1117.] 1) (Attika) daughter of Erechtheus and Praxithea, sister of Kreousa and Chthonia (Eur. Erechtheus frg. 357 Nauck, where she is unnamed). In other versions she is one of four (Apollod. 3.15.1) or six sisters (Phanod. FGrH 325 F 4). See Oreithyia and Pandora (5). Companion of Artemis, wife of Kephalos, who accidently kills her (Od. 11.321; Pherec. in schol. Od. 11.321; Ovid Met. 7.690-862). Cures Minos of a curse (Apollod. 3.15.1), same story with a happy ending (Ant. Lib. 41). Daughter of Kekrops (schol. AR. 1.211) or Pandion (Hyg. Fab. 189, 241). Sacrifices to her are recorded on the calendar of Thorikos in Attica (SEG 26.136.15ff.).

[¶1118.] 2) daughter of Thespios, mother of Antileon and Hippeus by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶1119.] PROMNE wife of Buphagos. Together they nurse and bury Iphikles (Paus. 8.14.9).

[¶1120.] PRONOE daughter of Melampous (Hes. Cat. 136) and Iphianeira. Sister of Antiphates, Manto, Bias (Diod. 4.68.4). See Iphianeira (1).

[¶1121.] PROSYMNA daughter of the river Asterion, sister of Euboia and Akraia, nurses of Hera, gives name to the land below the Argive Heraion (Paus. 2.17.1-2).

[¶1122.] PROTOGENEIA

[¶1123.] 1) (Elis) daughter of Deukalion, mother by Zeus of Aethlios, first ruler of Elis (Paus. 5.1.3).

[¶1124.] 2) daughter of Erechtheus; see Pandora (5).

[¶1125.] PSAMATHE(ia)

[¶1126.] 1) daughter of Krotopos, mother of Linos by Apollo (Paus. 1.43.7).

[¶1127.] 2) *Nereid, mother of Phokos by Aiakos (Hes. Theog. 260, 1004).

[¶1128.] PSOTHIS daughter of Eryx of Sicania, mother of Echephron and Promachos by Herakles, eponym of Psothis. In other traditions, Psothis is either the son of Arrhon or the daughter of Xanthos (Paus. 8.24.1-2).

[¶1129.] PYLARGE daughter of Danaos and Pieria, marries Idmon (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶1130.] PYRGO first wife of Alkathous, tomb in Megara (Paus. 1.43.4). See Iphinoe (2), Euaichme (1).

[¶1131.] PYRIPPE daughter of Thespios, mother of Patroklos by Herakles (Apollod. 2.7.8).

[¶1132.] PYRRHA

[¶1133.] 1) daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora (4), wife of Deukalion, mother of Melantho (1), etc. Elsewhere, the daughter of Deukalion, beloved of Zeus, mother of Prometheus (Hes. Cat. 2 = schol. AR. 3.1086; cf. Hes. Cat. 4).

[¶1134.] 2) name of Achilles when disguised as a girl on Skyros (Hyg. Fab. 96; Sidon. c. 9.141). Cf. name of Achilles' son Neoptolemos = Pyrrhos.

[¶1135.] 3) See Henioche.

[¶1136.] RHADINE lover of Leontichos, their tomb on Samos honored by star-crossed lovers (Paus. 7.5.13). Fragments survive from a poem called the Rhadine, with a doubtful attribution to Stesichoros (Strabo 8.3.20).

[¶1137.] RHODE

[¶1138.] 1) eponym of the island Rhodos, daughter of Poseidon and Aphrodite (Pindar Ol. 7.71) or Amphitrite (Apollod. 1.4.5) or of Asopos (schol. Od. 17.208). Bore Helios seven sons, or Phaethon, Lampetie, Aigle, Phaethousa (schol. Od. etc.). Elsewhere their mother is Klymene. Cult honors on Rhodes.

[¶1139.] 2) daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, marries Hippolytos (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶1140.] 3) mother of Kydippe by Ochimos. Also called Rhodo. See Kydippe (3).

[¶1141.] RHODIA daughter of Danaos and a hamadryad, marries Chalkodon (Apollod. 2.1.5).

[¶1142.] RHOIO

[¶1143.] 1) daughter of Staphylos and Chrysothemis, sister of Molpadia and Parthenos, pregnant with Anios by Apollo, put to sea by her father, rescued by Apollo (Diod. 5.62-63). Elsewhere she and Anios are the parents of the Oinotrop(h)oi and she is the daughter of Apollo and Chrysothemis. See Oinotrop(h)oi and Chrysothemis (1), Molpadia (1).

[¶1144.] 2) daughter of Skamandros, mother of Tithonos (schol. Lycoph. 18).

[¶1145.] SAISARA daughter of Keleos, along with her sisters Pammerope and Diogeneia, an attendant of Demeter and Kore (Paus. 1.38.3 citing Pamphos and Homer). The people of the Athenian deme of Skambonidai say she is the wife of Krokon, a local hero (Paus. 1.38.2).

[¶1146.] SEMACHIDAI the daughters of Semachos, the eponymous hero of the Attic deme Semachidai, receive Dionysos. An order of priestesses of Dionysos descends from them. Or the deme is Epakria (Steph. Byz. s.v. Semachidai).

[¶1147.] SEMELE daughter of Kadmos and Harmonia, sister of Ino and Agave (Hes. Theog. 975ff.), mother of Dionysos by Zeus (Iliad 14.323ff.). Hera disguised tells her to ask Zeus to appear to her as he appears to his wife (Apollod. 3.4.3; Ovid Met. 3.275ff.; Hyg. Fab. 167, 179). Struck by lightning (Pindar Ol. 2.25f.), made immortal (Hes. Theog. 942; Apollod. 3.5.3; Diod. 4.25), receives new name, Thyone (Hom. Hymn 1.20-21; Sappho frg. 17 Lobel-Page).

 

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